Project 2
AIM:
The main aim of the project is to develop of a forward energy-based fuel consumption model of a P1 hybrid vehicle.
The main goal of this project is to understand the functionality of a P1 hybrid and be able to model it.
Honda Insight motor and battery are considered for this project. Data is taken from ADVISOR data base developed by NREL, USA. Data provided in the project files.
OBJECTIVE:
The task of this project is to quantify the improvement in fuel economy numbers for the hybrid vehicle (kmpl), compared to the conventional vehicle, on the urban cycle (UDDS) and highway cycle (HWFET). Also, to analyze and understand the vehicle operating points in terms of engine and motor speed, torque, transmission speeds, pedal positions, gear, distance traveled, battery voltage, current, SoC etc.
To do that, the following steps need to be followed:
1) Load the Project2 folder as the Current Folder in Matlab.
2) Run the “Project2_InitFile.m” Matlab script.
3) Copy the Conventional vehicle Simulink model created for Project 1 in this folder. Figure 1: P1 Hybrid ArchitectureHybrid Drives Development
4) Modify this model into a hybrid vehicle model. The lecture presentations can be used as reference. Battery and Supervisory controller models developed in the assignments can be reused.
5) Add additional ‘To Workspace’ blocks for transferring the desired Simulink vehicle data into the Matlab workspace.
6) Simulate the hybrid model on the desired drive cycles.
7) Write a project report that contains the following:
a. Tabulate the fuel economy numbers (kmpl) for UDDS and HWFET cycle. Compare these numbers with the baseline numbers for conventional vehicle model from Project 1.
b. Plot the time trace for engine, transmission input, transmission output and wheel speed on one plot.
c. Plot engine torque, engine power, fuel rate and fuel consumption using subplots.
d. Plot accelerator and brake pedal, gear command, vehicle desired and actual speed, vehicle distance using subplots.
e. Plot the engine operating points on the engine fuel map.
f. Plot motor speed, torque, motor input power using subplots.
g. Plot pack voltage, current and SoC using subplots.
h. Plot the motor operating points on the motor input power map, with the motor max motoring and generating torque curves.
i. Write down appropriate brief comments on each of these plots, describing the vehicle behavior throughout the drive cycle.
j. Generate the plots for both drive cycles
PROCEDURE:
Firstly we need to run the “Project2_InitFile.m” is a Matlab script used to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model and for post-processing. The drive cycle selection is also done here. Before running the Simulink vehicle model, run this initialization script.
INTIALIZATON MATLAB SCRIPT:
%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development
% Project 2 - hybrid Vehicle Model
% By - aleti harish kumar reddy
% Description:
%% Initialization File
% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model
%% Vehicle Parameters
M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]
Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient
Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]
Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient
Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]
rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]
Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]
g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
theta = 0; % Slope [deg]
myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface
%% Powertrain Parameters
FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio
DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)
NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission
TransGear = [1:NumGear]; % Transmission Gears
TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios
TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)
TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd
TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq
TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]
load Vehicle_Data/Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW
load Vehicle_Data/Trans_Shift_map
load Vehicle_Data/EM_Honda_Insight_10kW
load Vehicle_Data/ESS_NiMH6
ESS_init_soc = 0.8;
ESS_soc_max = 0.9;
ESS_soc_min = 0.6;
%% Driver Parameters
Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model
Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model
Drive_Cycle_Select = 1; % Drive cycle selection
% Drive cycle values in m/s
if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1
load DriveCycles/UDDS;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2
load DriveCycles/HWFET;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3
load DriveCycles/FTP;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4
load DriveCycles/US06;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5
load DriveCycles/NEDC;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6
load DriveCycles/WLTP;
end
time_end = cyc_time(end);
vel_end = cyc_vel(end);In this code we have selected the drive cycle 1 which means UDDS.After intialization file is runned sucessfully all the input data will be loaded into the matlab workspace. now we need to craete simulink model.
SIMULINK MODEL OF THE VEHICLE:
The above vehicle model shows driver,controller and power trains.The driver model blocks which generates accelaration and brake output to the controller.The controller receives and output of the driver and converts the signals into the desired torque,transmission and brake torque.These output signals are fed to the input signals to the power train.In power train we have electric motar,transmission etc.
DRIVER MODEL:
CONTROLLER BLOCK:
The contoller is the brain of the vehicle which controls all the electronic inputs which receive from the drive inputs.converts in to the desired torque and desired speed and transmission.
MODE SELECTION BLOCK FLOW CHART
ENGINE CONTROL UNIT:
IDLE SPEED CONTROLLER
TRANSMISSION CONTROL UNIT:
SHIFT LOGIC IN TRANSMISSION CONTROL UNIT:
ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROL UNIT:
BRAKE CONTROL UNIT:
POWER TRAIN:
ENGINE BLOCK
ELECTRIC MOTOR BLOCK:
CRANK HUB:
TRANSMISSION BLOCK
TORQUE CONVERTER BLOCK:
DIFFERENTIAL BLOCK
WHEELS BLOCK:
VEHICLE DYNAMICS:
ESS:
TERMINAL VOLTAGE:
SOC ESTIMATION:
POST PROCESSING CODE:
%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development
% Project 2 - HYBRID Vehicle Model
% By - ALETI HARISH KUMAR REDDY
% Description:
% The following file is to used with the Initialization file and Simulink
% results for post-processing of the data.
% The file is incomplete, has some examples of how the data is imported
% into a readable format, data analysis and plotting examples.
% Based on the project task, use commands in a similar format as given
% below, to analyse the data and generate required plots.
% You can change variable names if desired
%% Post-Processing File
% File for post-processing the hybrid vehicle simulation model data
%% Renaming variables
Time = out.tout;
Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl; % Accelerator pedal [%]
Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl; % Brake pedal [%]
Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_Cmd; % Transmission gear
Trans_in_Speed = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi; % Transmission input speed [rpm]
Trans_Out_Speed = out.Trans_Out_Spd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]
Eng_Trq1 = out.Eng_Trq; % Engine brake torque [Nm]
Eng_Speed = out.Eng_spd*30/pi; % Engine speed [rpm]
Eng_Fuel_Consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consumption; % Engine fuel consumption [g]
Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000; % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]
Veh_Speed = out.Veh_Spd*18/5; % Vehicle speed [kmph]
Eng_Fuel_Rt=out.Eng_Fuel_Rate;
Wheel_Speed=out.Wheel_Spd;
MOTOR_SPEED=out.motorspeed;
MOTOR_TORQUE=out.motortorque;
CURRENT=out.Pack_Current;
SOC=out.SOC;
ELEC_PWR=out.ElecPwr;
Terminalvoltage=out.TERMINAL_VOL;
%% Data Analysis
Eng_Pwr = Eng_Speed*pi/30.*Eng_Trq1/1000; % Engine brake power [kW]
rho_petrol = 0.7197; % Density of petrol [kg/L]
kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol); % Fuel economy [kmpl]
%plotting Fuel consumption vsfuel rate
figure(1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,Eng_Fuel_Consump,'Linewidth',1,'color','blue');
plot(Time,Eng_Fuel_Rt,'Linewidth',1,'color','green');
xlabel('Fuel consumption');
ylabel('Fuel rate');
xlim([0,Time(end)]);
legend('Fuel consumption','Fuel rate');
%plotting time trace vs engine
figure(2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,Eng_Speed,'Linewidth',1,'color','blue');
plot(Time,Trans_in_Speed,'Linewidth',1,'color','green');
plot(Time,Trans_Out_Speed,'Linewidth',1,'color','red');
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('speed in rpm');
ylim([0,6000]);
legend('Engine speed','Transmission input','Transmission output');
%plotting time trace engine torque engine
figure(3)
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(Time,Eng_Trq1,'Linewidth',1,'color','blue');
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('torque in n-m');
legend('Torque');
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(Time,Eng_Pwr,'Linewidth',1,'color','g');
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('power in kw');
legend('engine power');
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(Time,Eng_Fuel_Consump,'Linewidth',1,'color','y');
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('Fuel consumption in kmpl');
legend('fuel consumption');
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(Time,Eng_Fuel_Rt,'Linewidth',1,'color','r');
xlabel('time in sec');
ylabel('fuel rate');
legend('fuel rate');
%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace accelaration brake peddal
figure(4)
subplot(3,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'green');
plot(Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
xlabel('Pedal [%]')
ylim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('Acc_pdl','Brake');
subplot(3,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'yellow');
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Gear');
subplot(3,1,3)
hold on
grid on
line(Time,Veh_Speed, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
xlabel('Speed [rpm]')
figure(5)
subplot(3,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,MOTOR_TORQUE, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'green');
ylabel('motor torque')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('MOTOR TORQUE');
subplot(3,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,ELEC_PWR, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
ylabel('motor POWER')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('MOTOR POWER');
subplot(3,1,3)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,MOTOR_SPEED, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'blue');
ylabel('motor POWER')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('MOTOR SPEED');
figure(6)
subplot(3,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,Terminalvoltage, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'green');
ylabel('voltage')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('voltage');
subplot(3,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,SOC, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
ylabel('SOC')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('SOC');
subplot(3,1,3)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,CURRENT, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'blue');
ylabel('PACK CURRENT')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('PACK CURRENT');
%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map
figure('Name','Engine Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p2=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_fuel_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');
title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');
p4 = plot(Eng_Speed,Eng_Trq1,'.','color','k');
legend([p1 p4],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});
axis([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 Eng_map_trq(end)]);
%% Plotting motor operating points on engine fuel map
figure('Name','Motor Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Motor Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(EM_map_spd*30/pi,EM_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p2=line([EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(EM_map_spd'*30/pi,EM_map_trq,EM_inpwr_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel(' Speed [rpm]');
ylabel(' Torque [Nm]');
title('powermap');
p4 = plot(MOTOR_SPEED,MOTOR_TORQUE,'.','color','g');
legend([p1 p4],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});
axis([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 EM_map_trq(end)]);
FOR UDDS CYCLE:
FUELCONSUMPTION VS FUEL RATE
PLOT FOR ENGINE SPEEED,TANSMISSION INPUT,TRANSMISSION OUTPUT
PLOT FOR TORQUE,POWER,FUEL RATE,FUELCONSUMPTION
PLOT FOR ACCELARATION PEDAL AND BRAKE
PLOT FOR MOTOR TORQUE,MOTOR POWER,MOTOR SPEED
PLOT FOR VOLTAGE,SOC,PACK CURRENT
PLOT FOR ENGINE OPERATING POINTS
PLOT FOR MOTOR OPERATING POINTS
FOR HWFET CYCLE:
FUELCONSUMPTION VS FUEL RATE
PLOT FOR ENGINE SPEEED,TANSMISSION INPUT,TRANSMISSION OUTPUT
PLOT FOR TORQUE,POWER,FUEL RATE,FUELCONSUMPTION
PLOT FOR ACCELARATION PEDAL AND BRAKE
PLOT FOR MOTOR TORQUE,MOTOR POWER,MOTOR SPEED
PLOT FOR VOLTAGE,SOC,PACK CURRENT
PLOT FOR ENGINE OPERATING POINTS
PLOT FOR MOTOR OPERATING POINTS
FUEL ECONOMY
Drive_Cycle_Select =
2
Project2_processing
kmpl =
16.1009
Drive_Cycle_Select =
1
>> Project2_processing
kmpl =
10.4822
CONCLUSION:
The development of a forward energy-based fuel consumption model of a P1 hybrid vehicle is sucessfully completed using matlab and simulink model and plotted all the results obatained and calculated the fuel economy for both the cycles.Done analysis and obatained vehicle operating points based on the given condtions.