Project 1 - Design and Develop a IOT based Wireless Wearable Health Monitoring System or a Home Healthcare System to monitor the physiological parameters of ECG, Heart Rate, Pulse Oximetry, Cuffless Blood Pressure and Body Temperature.
Answer
Name: PDMS (Panic Detection and Monitoring System)
Basic Breakdown: The device will be used to monitor the sick and elderly. Along with the sck and elderly the device will be used to monitor the people who under constant distress and people who have a suicidal tendency. Suicidal tendency might not come under a physical problem and patient might not cause themselves physical injury but it is a leading cause of death and is directly linked to the overall health of a person. Since the health of an individual consists of physical well being, mental well being and being socially active. So the issue falls directly under a major health issue. So the device will focus on the physical as well as the non physical aspect of the human body. The device will monitor the patients 24/7. The device would be using two devices to work as the battery pack need recharging time before the battery runs off.
Sensors that will be used:The device would be using a number of sensors ranging from sensors that would be used to monitor the ECG of the patient to blood check samples.The sensrs that will be used are discussed below:
a. Reusuable electordes for ECG
b. Blood checking membrane to check for harmful foreign objects (only for suicidal patients)
c. Sink nodes to transmit data wirelessly to the cloud
d. SPO2 sensors to check for calculating the heartbeat of the patient
e. Thermal sensors around the house for checking body temperatures
f. Ultrasoud sensors and recievers planted around the house and the monitoring system to check for the movement of the patient.
g. Internet connected devices (IOT) devices around the house to check on the daily work of the patient.
Server architecture to be used: The server that ill be used for the patient's monitoring will be made on the blockchain server. The server will be a multi level so that n-number of patients can be monitored easily without fail. Not any normal server wouyld be used for the patients. Since it will be used to monitor the critical patients blockchain server will be used. Blockchain servers have the top-tier security and are usually non hackable therefore no data breach will happen easily. Since, the data remains on the blockchain till the person deletes it themselves even oldest ofrecords be accessed with it. The server works around the clock so there will be downtime.
Alarms to be used: Alarms are an important part of any health monitoring system. They help the staff or the person in charge know if the patient needs anything immediately if the staff/person in charge is busy at that moment. The intensity of the alarm varies from the issue to issue. the alarms that will be used in this device are discussed below:
Small beeps for patient if they start to show any signs of change in body temperature or change in their regular movements.
Long beeps patient might be doing something unsual as monitored by the system and needs monitoring.
Loud buzzeer sound as well as vibrations on the device if the patient is critical and paramedics are needed.
Disconnected sound note will be played if the wifi is down or the patient has removed the monitoring system. At that time the paramedics and nearby police station ill be sent a panic sms ithin two minutes to check up on the patient.
Overtime sound note will be played if the patient takes on more than the regular time to do some work. At that time all of the sensors will be working on overide to check for the patient's well being.
Fig 1. Wearable Monitoring System of Home Monitoring System
The diagram (fig. 1) shows the wearable part of the monitoring system of the home monitoring system. This will be using sensors such as electrodes for detecting the ECG. the electrodes would use gel as the connecting medium and they will be packed in a semi permiable breathing material through which the gel doesn't spill out and the readings can be taken. This will also use temperature sensors and will be present around the wearable part not visible on the outer part. There will be a needle too for the suicidal patients which will prick the patient everytime they consume something whether it be solidor water and check if the patient for any poison traces. The SPO2 sensor will be connected to the patient via smart watch that ill be connected directly to the health monitoring board of the home monitoring system. All of this will be connected top arduino which will be connected to the sink node that will transmit the data wirelessly to the monitoring board. The battery that will be used willbe lithun ion. The patient needs to have a set of these so that it can be inter changed when it requires charging. Also there will be ultasonic sensors and recievers so that the movement of the patient be detected by the home monitoring system.
Fig 2. Home Monitoring System
The diagram (fig. 2) shows the home monitoring system. This will be using sensors such as ultrasonic sensors and recievers to get the location movement of the patient. It will also use temperatre sensors to check on the temperature of various things such as water temperature and room temperature to calculate the data. There willbbe accelaration sensors as well as small cameras to detect the patient and obvjects around the patient. Allof the data will be sent tot the monitoring board whichreceive data from the wearable system as well. All of that data will be sent to the server and data will be shared to the devices that connected to the system, be it parents, children who have it installed to monitor their old parents or hospitals.
False Alarm detection: So suppose if the patient is asleep or drunk and accidentally gives off the alarm, what will the systemdo then? If any of the above mentioned cases happen, first the AI detecting system will be activated and alarm will be put on stand by for the time being. The system would detect if the patient is asleep or not. Comparing the pervious movement will the current movement the AI system that will be used in the monitoring board will send the alarm or cancel it. But what of the patient is actually in stress? This will be checked with the footage and body temperature combined.
Line of action that the system will use when there is an emergency. If there is an emergency, the sensors will get active at once and send emergency alert to the monitoring board. The device would send sms to the hospital, police department and the family members. At the same time make a distress call to the nearest ambulance service to rush the patient to the hospital. It will take the vitals faster than usual time periods so that the doctors can see the vitals and give proper treatment to the patient. This way the system call tell if the patient is in distress or not. ECG will be taken constantly and the doctor can get the ECG immediately via a printer in the hospital. The data at that time will be sent to a different server which is cloud based and not block chain based. There an AI algorithm will be implemented and the data will be compared simulataneously. Thsi way a report can also be generated.
Data Transmission procedure/protocols: Now comes the question how will the data be transmitted and how will the devices be communicated. What if the WiFi goes down? Connectivity downtime is a major problem in a country like India. So what can be done to prevent that? To prevent thisiisue we will have a sim service connected to the Monitoring board. This way there will be connectivity issue. The data will be transmitted to the hospitals via the server system and hourly report via email in the mailbox. The sim service will send an update sms to the family members every hour to notify them of the patient's condition. So the services that will be used for connection are LTE data and WiFi.
Data encryption and security method: The Internet of Things (IoT) utilises both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. Symmetric encryption is a way of encrypting and decrypting data with the use of a single cryptographic key. Since only one key is required to do both tasks, doing so is easy. The main benefit of symmetric encryption is this. This encryption process is simple, which means it works quickly, consumes little energy, and won't slow down your Wi-Fi or internet connection. As opposed to symmetric encryption, which uses a single key for both encryption and decryption, asymmetric encryption uses a set of keys. The "public key" and the "private key" are two separate keys that are mathematically related to one another. Asymmetric encryption's main benefit is the increased security it offers. The data is encrypted using the public key and decrypted using the private key, which is kept in a safe place. One other perk of asymmetric encryption is that it is authenticated, meaning that the data may be viewed by no one but the intended recipient. Blowfish encryption will be used to secure the data. To that end, Blowfish was developed as an alternative symmetric encryption technique to DES. It encrypts data one block at a time, using a 64-bit key. Being in the public domain has helped keep Blowfish's popularity high. This, however, does not detract from the fact that it is still a solid encryption choice. Many people argue that it has never been defeated. Blowfish has found widespread application in protecting sensitive information, including passwords and online transactions. It's one of the most adaptable and simple encryption methods out there.
Cloud Computing: Since, we would be using two servers it will be wise to have a method which can work seamlessly between these two. Thus hybrid cloud will be used for this method. The term "hybrid cloud" refers to a computing environment where an organization's private cloud services located on-premises are combined with public cloud services located in the cloud provided by a third party to create a single, adaptable infrastructure for running mission-critical applications and workloads. This novel combination of public and private cloud resources simplifies the process of determining which cloud is best suited for each application or workload and then transferring those workloads between clouds as needed. In comparison to using either a public or private cloud exclusively, a hybrid cloud infrastructure provides greater efficiency and lower costs in meeting technical and business goals. The cloud will have an AI program already in place for it work from and the data can be compared and data be sent timely to the hospital.
Data Certification: The device would be needed to be certified for medical safety. This will tell if the device is fit to perform as a medical device. The certification needs to be diagnostic device level.
Launch of the product: The device would be launched to public via the government site. The product would be made available on-demand as it is a big product and producing it on a large scale without any customers would mean a loss. Doctor forums will be notified and hospitals would be send samples to advertise. This way i would like to launch the product.
Citation: https://www.nabto.com/iot-data-encryption-algorithm-guide/ , https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/top-7-most-common-uses-of-cloud-computing