Power Converters

Problem:- 01

Why does the MATLAB PID auto tuner doesn’t work for a power converter? Show step wise process for a buck-boost converter circuit.

Explanation:-

PID tuner is a easily handling tool used to tune the PID values of any linear model.

When we discuss about power converters models , it consist of fast switching components like PWM generator or MOSFETS.

These components make the models no longer linear.

So, now we can not tune these models by just using the PID tuning.

For this frequency response analysis has to be done.

A detailed stepwise operation has been mentioned below.

Problem-02

Explain the importance of ADC and DAC blocks in closed loop control of power converters.

ADC stands for analog to digital converter. It is a device used to convert analog to digital signals. Similarly, DAC stands for digital to analog converters.

In the real world, every real quantity such as voice, temperature, weight etc exists in the analog state. And it cannot be processed by any digital device such as a computer or a cell phone.

These analog quantities are converted into digital form so that a digital device can process it. This conversion is done using analog to digital converter.

In the modern world of growing technology, we are dependent on digital devices. These digital devices operate on the digital signal. But not every quantity is in digital form instead they are in analog form. So an ADC is used for converting analog signals into digital signals. The applications of ADC are limitless. Some of these applications given below:

• Cell phones operate on the digital voice signal. Originally the voice is in analog form, which is converted through ADC before feeding to the cell phone transmitter.
• Images and videos captured using camera is stored in any digital device, is also converted into digital form using ADC.
• Medical Imaging like x-ray & MRI also uses ADC to convert images into Digital form before modification. They are then modified for better understanding.
• Music from the cassette is also converted into the digital form such as CDs and thumb drives using ADC converters.
• Digital Oscilloscope also contains ADC for converting Analog signal into a digital signal for display purposes & different other features.
• Air conditioner contains temperature sensors for maintaining the room temperature. This temperature is converted into digital form using ADC so that onboard controller can read & adjust the cooling effect.

Problem:- 03

What are the three basic boolean operators for the logic gates in digital electronics?

(a) Logic gates are the basic building block of any digital electronic system. It defines a certain relatiinship between inputs(or input) and outputs.
There are basically three types of boolean operators :-

(i) AND

(ii) OR

(iii) NOT

Problem:- 04

Form the truth table for all the above boolean operations. Realize the operations in simulink using suitable logic gates .

AND

A	B	AND
1	1	1
1	0	0
0	1	0
0	0	0

OR

A	B	OR
1	1	1
1	0	1
0	1	1
0	0	0

NOT

B	NOT
1	0
0	1

Case- 1

Case-2

Case-3

Case-4

Problem:- 05

Draw the circuit and truth table to implement the following logic in simulink.

A	B	A+B	A'+B'	Y
0	0	0	1	0
1	0	1	1	1
0	1	1	1	1
1	1	1	0	0

For case(i)

For case(ii)

Problem:- 06

Carry out the following binary operations. Verify the results in MATLAB.

a.) 11111 and 10101(AND operation)

b.) 111 and 000(OR operation)

c.) 1010111 and 0101100 (AND operation)

d.) 101110(NOT operation)

clc;

%Part (a): AND operation
a_1=[1 1 1 1 1]
a_2=[1 0 1 0 1]
a_output= bitand(a_1,a_2)

%Part (b): OR operation
b_1=[1 1 1]
b_2=[0 0 0]
b_output= bitor(b_1,b_2)

%Part (c): AND operation
c_1=[1 0 1 0 1 1 1]
c_2=[0 1 0 1 1 0 0]
c_output= bitand(c_1,c_2)

%Part (d): NOT operation
d=[1 0 1 1 1 0]
d_output= not(d)

Results:-

Problem:- 07

Prepare an organizational chart of people working at electric powertrain manufacturing companies.