Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit ?

Ans: Building codes or standards essential for the modelling/efficiency of drawings in Revit due to following reasons:-

• A model building code organisation is a set of building codes that are developed and maintained by a standard organisation.This standard organisation operates independently of the area in which the building code standards are being developed.
• Local governments or councils can choose to adopt these building codes as they see fit , in order to better review construction within the area.
• Building code organisations establish minimum safety,construction and material requirements for builders to adher to.
• To achieve the minimum standards of safety and welfare of residents of a building, the governing body defines a set of guidelines to regulate the construction activities termed as building codes.
• A building code is a set of rules to regulate the construction activities across the country.
• The national building code of India (NBC) a comprehensive building code is a National instrument providing the guidelines gor regulating the building construction activities across the country.
• It serves as a model code for adoption by all aegencies involved in building construction works like public works departments and other government construction departments.
• The code mainly containes administrative regulations,development control rules and general building reqirements,fire safety requirements,stipulations regarding materials ,structural design,building and plumbing services ans assest and facility management.

2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

Ans: According to NBC building are classified according to use or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:

• Group A Residential Building
• Group B Educational Building
• Group C Institutiolal Building
• Group D Assembly Building
• Group E Business Building
• Group F Mercantile Building( Related to trade and commerce)
• Group G Industrial Building
• Group H Storage Building
• Group j Hazardous Building

3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle . The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

Ans: Steps that occure in project cycle are as follows:-

1. Intiation: In this stage,management or other authority figures have determined a business need that will require the work of a project manager.The project itself could improve business process,create revenue or otherwise fill a need in the organisation.
2. Planning: The planning phase is when the project plans are documented the project deliverables and requirements are defined and the project schedule is created.It involves creating a set of plan to help your team through the implementation and closure phases of the project.
3. Execution: After the planning stage completes,its time to begin the work.hence the execution stage where a project is carried out.
4. Control:It is the process of consistently monitoring progress during execution to ensure your team is performing as they should.
5. Closure:It is the final stage of the project life cycle,and it begins after a project has been completed.

A building project comprise in the following major steps:

• Location
• Conceptualization and planning
• Designing and detailing
• construction/execution
• maintenance and repair

4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project.

Ans: Different disciplines involved in construction of a project are as follows:

1. Cost estimation: managing the building of civil engineering systems from cradle to grave to include coordination between the owner,contractor and desiner.
2. Contractors: Effective contract administration is integral to acquring the next job or project as a construction manager.
3. Geotechnical: designing foundations and earthwork systems to support soil itself and transfer loads from structures into the earth while limiting settelements.
4. Managements: Managing equpment,personnel and supplies to build more effectively,efficiently and economically.
5. structural: designing system of structural members used to support loads for a specified public function such as bridges,buildings,dams and bell towers.
6. Surveying: measuring physical features to include horizontal distances and elevation differences to determine property lines,layout of building and produce maps.

Appropriate multi-disciplinari teams need to be constituted to sucessfully meets the requirements of different stages.each team may comprise need based professionals out of the following depending upon the nature,magnitude and complexity og the project.

• Architect
• Civil Engineer
• Electrical Engineer
• plumbing engineer
• Fire protection Engineer
• HVAC Engineer
• Environmental specialist
• Town planner
• Urban designer
• Landscape Architect
• Security system sprcialist
• Interior designer
• quantity surveyor
• Project/construction Manager
• Other specialist

5) How are buildings classified ? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four unit apartments
b. School with capacity of 1000 students
c. A single unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

Ans: The National Building Code of India(NBC),a comprehensive building code, is a National instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.It serves as a model code for adoptation by all agencies involved in building construction works like public works Departments and other government construction departments.The code mainly containes administrative regulations,developement control rules and general building requirements,fire safety,stipulations regarding materials,structural design,building and plumbing sevices and assest and facility management.

• Group A Residential Building
• Group B Educational Building
• Group C Institutiolal Building
• Group D Assembly Building
• Group E Business Building
• Group F Mercantile Building( Related to trade and commerce)
• Group G Industrial Building
• Group H Storage Building
• Group j Hazardous Building

a. Four unit apartments comes under group A Residential.

b. School with capacity of 1000 students comes under group B educational.

c. A single unit shop comes under group E business.

d. Multi story Shopping complex comes under group F mercentile or groupG Industrial.

e. Steel machine factory comes under group G Industrial or group J Hazardous.

6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team.

Ans: i) Design Team

A design team can be a singular individual working on design projects across an organization,upto a team of 50+ designers who have their own department.Therer is lot that goes into effectively leading a design team.

In building projects various aspects like form,space planning,aesthetics,fire and safety,structural adequacy,plumbing services,lighting and natural ventilation,electrical and allied installations,air conditioning,heating and mechanical ventilation,acoustics,sound installation,noise control,installation of lifts and escalators,building automation,data and voice communication,other utility installations,landscape planning and design,urban planning etc. need to be kept in right at the concept stage.The project required such multidisciplinary inputs need a design inputs.for this,and to take care of the complexities of multi-disciplinary requirements,a design team of professionals from required discipline shall be constituted at the appropriate stage.here,it is desirable that that the multi-disciplinary integration is initiated right from the concept stage.The team shall finalize the plan.The composotion of the team shall depend on the nature and magnitude of the project.

Design is an evolutionary and participatory process,where participation of owner constitutes a very important input at all stages,and the same shall be ensured by the design team.(SP 7 GROUP 1(2005)NCB-4.1DESIGN TEAM)

Management team:

The management team is the group of individuals that operate at the higher levels of an organisation and have day to day responsibility for managing other individuals and maintaining responsibility for key business functions.

The objective of project management or construction is primarily to avhieve accomplishment of project in accordance with the designs and specifications in a stipulated time and cost framework,with a degree of assurance prior to commenecement and satisfaction on accomplishment(SP 7 GROUP 1(2005)NCB-4.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEAM).

7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project ( from week 4).
a. Height Limitations
b. Area Limitations
c. Room sizing
d. Wall height
e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
f. Passageway requirements

Ans:

a)Height Limitations:A-2 Height Restriction-No building or structure higher than the height specified in Tables 5 and 6 shall be constructed or eracted or no tree which is likely to grow higher than height specified in the tables 5 and 6,shall be planted,on any land within a radius of 20km from ARP of the aerodromes listed.

C-2.5 Height of building(From NBC)

The height of building shall not exceed 15m.

Important Guidelines:

• For building uo to height of 15m,there is no need to provide lifts.
• Housing for the low-income group shall preferably be up to a maximum of two storeys.
• Buildings for housing beyond 15m in height should be restored to in exceptional circumstances and it should be governed by provisions laid down in this code.

According to my model the height is less than 7m.Therefore it doesnot exceed 15m.

b)Area Limitations:

The minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent,shall not be less than 40m^2 in small and medium town and not less than 30m^2 in metropolitan cities.Plot size below 30m^2 but not less than 15m^2 may be permitted in case of cluster planning.

c)Room sizing:

Every dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms.Even of one room is provided initially it should be provided where additions are not possible,the carpet are og multipurpose single room should be atleast 12.5m^2.Such one room dwelling units with 12.5m^2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case on site rehabilitation of slump dwellers.In a house of two rooms,first room shall not be less than 9m^2 with minimum width of 2.5m and second room shall not be less than 6.5m^2 with a minimum width of 2.1m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 15.5m^2.In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room.

According to my model the room size are according to NCB.

d)Wall Height:

F-3.4 Minimum height of rooms/spaces shall be as follows:

PART 3 DEVELOPMWNT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS 59

1. Habitable room 2.75m
2. Kitchen 2.6m
3. Bath/water-closet 2.2m
4. Corridor 2.1m

f-3.4 in the case of sloping roofs,the average height of roof for habitable rooms shall be 2.75m and the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.10m.

e.) Thickness(NCB GROUP 1 to 5)

According to my model the wall thickness are according to NCB.

f) Passageway requirements:

The residential plots shall abut on public means of access like street/road.Plot which donot abut on a street/road shall front on a means of access,the width and other requirements of which shall be given in Table 1.

8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

Ans: My project is according to the NCB guidelines.

First floor plan:

Sectional view: