Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Q.1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit ?

ANS.1.

BUILDING CODES :-

Building codes are a set of rules or guidelines specifying the minimum levels of safety in buildings. It is imperative to be familiar with them for architectural construction drawings.

Building Code generally contains administrative regulations development rules and general building requirements which are necessary for the construction purpose.

It is a set rules which regulate the construction activities across the country in a standard manner

Building codes classified standard by use and applied different standards to each classification of buildings.

Where as the main purpose of building codes is to protect public health and provide safety and also for the general Welfare as they relate to construction and Occupancy of buildings and structures.

Building codes or standards essential for modelling of drawing in Revit because of the following reasons :-

1. The codes and Standards allow us to expand the knowledge base by use of the documents that are provided.

2. The Building Code becomes law of particular jurisdiction when formally and acted by appropriate government or private authority.

3. The main purpose of Building Code is to provide protection to public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to construction and Occupancy of buildings and structures.

4. Model Building Code provide protection from tragedy caused by fire, structural collapse or any general deterioration.

5. Designers can use the Building Code standards out of any reference books during their designing process of a building.

Q.2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

ANS.2. From the National Building Code the list of groups that will be essential for us when we begin modelling in Autodesk revit software are as follows :-

It has been sub- divided into different groups :-

1.GROUP-A

It has been categorised for residential buildings

2.GROUP-B

It has been categorised for educational buildings

3.GROUP-C

It has been categorised for assembly buildings

4.GROUP-D

It has been categorised for institutional building

5.GROUP-E

It has been categorised for Mercantile buildings.

6.GROUP-F

It has been categorised for business buildings

7.GROUP-G

It has been categorised four storage buildings

8.GROUP-H

It has been categorised for industrial buildings

9.GROUP-I

It has been categorised for hazardous buildings.

Q.3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle . The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

ANS.3.

The five major steps that occur in a project cycle are as follows:-

1.Initiation

2.Planning

3.Execution

4.Performance/Monitoring

5.Project completion

1.Initiation:-

It is the first step that occurs in the project cycle

It can also be referred as the conceptualization stage

In this stage the formalisation of design with clients occurs.

The site investigation and surveying of the plot is also carried out.

The selection of conceptual design which is to be designed in the required plot is done.

The development of design for the layout is also done in this stage

The preparation of preliminary design occurs

Also the estimation of cost is done for the project

Preparation of detailed BOQ is carried out.

2.Planning :-

It is second step in the project cycle

In this stage the planning of the layout of the project is done

Here the estimations of the cost of the project is also carried out

In this stage only the preparation of schedules and deadlines are done

The discussion of teams and individual responsibilities is also done

The arrangement of labours and materials and also the required equipments are made available.

3 Execution:-

It is the third stage of the project cycle

This stage is the longest and the most important stage of the project in which we have to allocate task to team members.

The starting of work is done in this stage only

Excavation procedure is done and a Foundation is laid as per the deadline

The use of the resources that were allocated during the planning stage of a project is done enough effective way in this stage

Update is to be provided to the stakeholders about the progress of the project.

4.Monitoring :-

It is the fourth stage of the project cycle

During this stage the control on cost and the communication between the people is to be managed or monitored.

The quality of output and performance are also to be checked

If there are any problems regarding the project then the solutions are to be find out under this procedure only.

5.Project Completion:-

It is a final step of the project cycle

In this stage the final steps are to be taken for the completion of the project

Under this stage only the reports have in send to all the key stack holder by the project manager only

He only is responsible for the final analysis and to evaluate project success or not.

All the deliverables must be released.

Q.4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project.

ANS.4.

Different discipline involve in a construction project are as follows

a.Construction :-

It is Managing the building of civil engineering system from beginning to end which includes the coordination between the owners engineer and every other person which are included in the construction phase

b.Finance and Estimates:-

Financing and estimates include the funding and estimation of the cost of the project Under which the main financers and also the one who provide the money for the construction are included and also the estimators are included in this

c.Contractors and bids :-

Every contractor who is included in the project are included under this and also the person who raise the highest bid is also including in the project.

d.Geotechnical :-

It involves the surveyor and the one who designed the foundation, test the soil properties and the every other prospect of the building are also included in this project.

e.Managements :-

It mostly include the project manager and every other management person who are included in the construction phase.

f.Structural :-

Structural generally refers to the one who calculates the structural load of the building and the life span and also the quality of materials which are to be used .

g.Surveying :-

Surveying instruments that are used for the construction project and also the surveyors who Surveys the site and provide us the level to begin the construction project are also included.

Q.5) How are buildings classified ? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four unit apartments
b. School with capacity of 1000 students
c. A single unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

ANS.5.

Depending up on the characters of Occupancy or type of the use, buildings are classified into different categories and they are as follows :-

Residential buildings

Industrial buildings

Educational buildings

Institutional buildings

Hazardous buildings

Assembly buildings

Mercantile buildings

Storage buildings

Business buildings

a.Four unit apartments

They will come under the residential building

b. School with capacity of 1000 students

It will come under educational buildings category

c. Single unit shop

It will come under mercantile building category.

d. Multi storey Shopping Complex :-

It will come under commercial or mercantile building category

e. Steel machine factory :-

It will come under industrial building category.

Q.6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team.

ANS.6.

Difference between design team and management team are as follows :-

a.Design team:-

Design team for construction of projects mainly consists of architects and engineers

The architect or architectural team is responsible for the design stage of the project.

Only he will take an idea the owner has and if that Idea is feasible, creates a design around it.

The different types of architects may specialised in different types of projects.

Where as in design team there can be one or more engineers in addition to Architects.

They are responsible for ensuring the finished product of the construction project is safely and appropriately constructed.

Engineers also conduct an initial survey of the building side to access visibility for the project.

They also help to optimise the building process by finding ways to build more efficiently and reducing both cost and time associated with the project.

b.Management team :-

Management team is the highest team of manager and leaders in an organisation.

The main objective of project management or construction management is primarily to achieve accomplishment of project in accordance with the design and specifications in a time and cost framework.

The project management team includes

Project manager who plays a primary role in the project and also is responsible for the completion of the project.

Project manager make sure that a project are given sufficient resources and while managing the relationship with contributors and stakeholders

The manager choice to ensure that the project proceeds with in the specified time frame and under the established budget while achieving it's objectives.

It also include project sponsor who is the driver and in house champion of the project.

They are typically members of senior management that is those with her take in the project outcome

Project sponsors work closely with the project managerThey often help resolve conflicts and remove obstacles that occurred throughout the project.

Q.7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project .

ANS.7.

According to NBC , there are certain limitations for the height, area , room sizing and wall height thickness based on Fire life and safety and passage way requirements.

a. Height limitations :-

The height of the buildings shall not exceed 15 m

NOTE :-

For building up to height of 15 M there is no need to provide lift

Housing for the law income group shall preferable up to a maximum of two storeys.

Buildings for housing beyond 15 m in height should be resorted to inaceptional circumstances and is should be governed by provision laid down in this code

If the building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the building shall be Deemed to face upon the street that has the greater widths.

b.Area limitations :-

The minimum plot size with ground coverage should not exceed 75% , shall not be smaller than 40m^2 in medium town and not less than 30 m^2 in metropolition cities. Plot sizes below 30 m^2 but not less than 15 m^2 maybe permitted in case of cluster planning.

Floor Area Ratio or floor space index or total build up area = total site area - total spaces area

FLOOR AREA RATIO = sum of all floor area / Area of the site

FLOOR AREA = BUILT UP AREA - AREA OF WALL THICKNESS

The local authority or the secondary authority is responsible for governing the value of floor area ratio and is different for different zones and type of buildings in the locality. The floor space index can be utilised for checking the density of the population

c.ROOM SIZING :-

a. One habitable room

Minimum area should be 9.5sq.m

Min width = 2.4m

b. Two habitable rooms

Min area of 1 room 9.5 sq.m and other 7.5 sq.m.

Min width = 2.4m

c.Kitchen only

Min area - 4.5sqm

Min width - 1.8m

d. Kitchen with store room

Min area - 5.5sq.m

Min width - 1.8m

e. Kitchen cum dining room

min area - 9.5 sq.m

min width - 2.4m

f. Bathroom

min area - 1.8 sq.m.

min width - 1.5 x 1.2 m

g. Water closet

min area - 1.1 sq.m floor area

h. Bath and Water closet combined

min area - 2.8 sqm. floor area

min width - 1.2m

i.Mezzanine floor ( Living room )

Min area - 9.5 sqm (>1/3rd of plinth area of the building)

d.Wall height :-

Minimum height of rooms that are provided are :-

1. Habitable rooms - 2.75 m

2. Kitchen - 2.6 m

3.Bath /Wc - 2.2m

4.Corridor - 2.1m

5. In case of sloping roof the average height of roof for habitable room is 2.75 m.

f.Passage way :-

The width of exit passageway shall be determined as specified in section 1005.1 but with this all not be less than 44 inches (1118mm) accept that passageways serving and occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914mm) in width. The required width of exit passageways shall be unobstructed.

From my model

1.Height limitations :-

Height of my model is 9.15m which is less than 15 m

Hence, it follows NBC guidelines.

2.Area limitations :-

Floor area of my model is 58'x45' ie 290 sqm which is greater than 400sqm

Hence , it follows NBC guidelines

3.Room sizing :-

In my model there are total six rooms and the area gathered by them is

(15'x18') + (9' x 12' ) + (8'x10') + (12' x 10') + (27' x30') = 152.88sqm

Which is greater than the specified value in the NBC

Hence the building is following NBC guidelines

4.Wall height :-

The wall height of my model is 4 m

hence it follows the NBC guideline

5. Thickness based on Fire life and safety

Thickness of my model wall is 11 inches ie 300mm

Hence it follows the NBC guideline

6. Passageway requirements:-

Hence , our building follows the passageway requirements made by NBC.

So, our model building is safe.

Q.8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

ANS.8

We have model our building as per the NBC guidelines and hands our building is safe as it follows the NBC guidelines as shown in answer 7.