Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit ?

Answer:

The National Building Code(NBC) is a document that provides gudelines for construction of structures like residential, Merchantile, Institutional, Educational, Commerical, Assembly ,Storage Spaces or even hazardous buildings. It is important to follow the guidelines that are meant to protect the overall health of the construction and ensure the health and saftety of the public and the Residents. These stansardised codes were published in 1970 and revised later in 1983. The latest version in 2005.

The code is widely reffered and used by state / local bodies regulating development and building construction activities.Government constructions departments and agencies, private construction agencies, builders, developers, building professionals and consultant,academic and research institutesions and building materials and techonogy suppliers throught our the country. The code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire saftey requirements: stipulations regarding materials: structural design and construction: building and plumbing services,landscape devlopment,signs and out door display structure; guidelines for sustainbility, asset and facility management tec,..

Building codes and standards are esstinals for the modelling/efficency of drawing in revit:

• These codes enables us to modela structure with atmost safety as it covers all the aspects that ensure the safety of a building like fire and life safrty, strutural adquacy, lighting and natural ventilations, space planning, aesthetics, heating and mechanical ventilations, sound insultaions and noice control and other utility service requirements.
• These codes provide a set of standards that are uniform to all structures, hence it guides the modelling process.
• These codes protect the overall health of construction as well as public.
• The designers constantly refer these buildings codes for modelling which enhances their knownledge in this feild.
• It enables to combine the modern construction methods with the standards conventional standards.
• These standrads also hepls the government agencies to approve the plan as it become the law of particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by appropiate government or authority.

Hence, It is necessary to follow the codes for desining a model using reviit.

2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

Answer:

According to the National Building Code(NBC) the building are classifed into based on the occupancy as follows.

Group A: Residential buildings
Group B: Educational buildings
GroupC: Assembly buildings
Group D: Institutional buildings
Group E: Mercantile buildings
Group F: Business buildings
Group G: Storage buildings
Group H: Industrial buildings
Group J: Hazardous buildings

3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle . The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

Major steps in a project cycle are:

1.Initiation:

In the stage, it is necessary to figure out the objective of the project, determine whether the project is feasible, and identify the major deliverable for the project.

-steps invovled in the intitiation stage:

• undertaking a feasibilty study: Identify the primary problem that the project will slove and whether the project will deliver the solution to that problem.
• Identify scope:Define the depth and breadth of the project.
• Identify the deliverable: Define the product or service to provide.
• Identify project stakeholder: Figure out whom the project will affect and what their needs may be.
• Developing a business case: use the above citeria to compare the potential costs and benifits for the projet to determine if it moves forward.
• developing a statement of work: Document the projects objecives,scope and deliverables that is identified previsouly as a working agrrement between the project owner and those working on the project.

2.Planning:

Once the project is approved to move forward based on the cases, statements of work or project intiation document, the next phase is planning.

During this phase the large project is broken down into smaller tasks, build your team and prepare a schedule for the completion of assignment. create smaller goals within the large projects, making sure each is achiveable within the time frame, smallers goals should have high potential for success.

Steps for planning Phase:

• creating a project plan: Identify the project timline, tasks to be performed and possible constraints.
• creating work flow diagram: Visuable the processes to make sure that team member clearly understands their role in a project.
• Estimating budget and creating a financal plan: use coat estimates to determine hoe miuch to spend on projects to get maximum, return on investment.
• Gathering resuorces : build your functional team from internal and external pool while making sure that every one has neccessary tools to complete their tasks.
• Anticipating risks and potenntial quality roadblocks: Identify issues that may cause your project to shall while planning to mitigate through those risks and maintain projects quality and timeline.
• Holding a project kickoff meeting: bring team onboard and outline the project so that they can quickly get to work.

3.Execution:

This phase turns plan into action, project managers job is to keep work on track, organize team member, manage timline and amke sure that work is done according to original plan.

-Execution stage involves following works:

• creating tasks and organsing wokrkflows: assign granular aspects of project to the apprpiate team members: making sure team member are not overworked.
• Briefing team members on task: Explain tasks to team members, providing necessary guidance, organise process related training, if required.
• Communicating with team merbers: Clients and upper management: provide update to project stake holder at all the levels.
• Monitoring quality of work: ensuring team members are meeting their time and quality goals for the tasks.
• Managing budget: Monitor spending and kepping the project on track in terms of assets and resources.

4.Closure:

Once the team has completed work on a project, clousre phase starts. in clousre phase, you provide final deliverable , realase project ressources and determinethe sucess of the project.

-steps in closure phase:

• Analyzing project performance: Determine wheather project goals were met and the intial problem sloved using prepared checklist.
• Analyzing team performance: Evalaute hoe team members performed.Including wheather they met their goals along with timlines and quality of work.
• Documenting project closure: make sure that all aspects of the projects are completd with no loose ends remaining and providing reports to key stake holders/.
• Conducting post implementation reviews: Conduct a final analysis of the project, taking into the conserdations lessons are learned for similar projects in the future.
• Accounting for used and unused budget: allocating reamining resources for futur projects.

4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project

Answer:

Differnt discplines invovled in aconstruction project are:

• Comstruction: Managing the building of civil engineering system from begining to the end to include coordination between the owner, conmtarctor and designer.
• Finance and estimating: Oprating in the bussiness world to include accounting , financial contractors and estimating the costs of activites.
• Contractors and bid: Demonstrating strong bidding pratices and effective contract admistrative is integral to acquire the next job or project as a construction manager.
• Geo techinacal: Designing foundations and earthwork systems to support soil itself and transfer loads from structure into the earth whilr limiting settlements.
• Management: Manging equipments, personnel and supplies to build more effcetively , efficently and economically.
• Structural: Designing systems of structural members used to support loads for a specified public function such as bridges, buildings, dams and bell towers.
• Surveying: Measuring physical features to include horizontal distance and elevation difference to determine property lines, layout buildings are produce maps.

Inorder to carry out the project appropiatate mulyoi disciplinary terms needes to be constituted which may comprise of:

1. Architect
2. Civil engineer
3. Strutural engineer
4. Electrical engineer
5. Plumbing engineer
6. Fire protection engineer
7. HVAC engineer
8. Enivornment specialist
9. Town planner
10. Urban Designer
11. Landscape architect
12. Security system specialist
13. Interior designer
14. Quantity surveyor
15. Project/ Construction manager
16. Other subject specialists.

5) How are buildings classified ? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four unit apartments
b. School with capacity of 1000 students
c. A single unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

Answer:

According to National Building Code(NBC) the buildings are classifed based the occupancy as follows :

Gropu A: Residential buildings

These are the buildings in which sleeping accomdiation is provided for normal residential purpose with or without cooking or dining or both facililties. It includes

• Privatre dwelling house.
• Apartment houses.
• Bunglaows
• School or college dorities
• Hostels
• Hotels
• Military barracks. etc..

Gropu B: Educational buildings
These all includes anny building used for school, college or daycare purpose involving assembly for instruction , education or recreation.

Gropu C: Assembly buildings
These shall include any building or part there of where a group of people gather for recreation, amusement, social, rligous , political, Civil , travel and similar purposes.

Gropu D: Institutional buildings
These shall include any building or part there of which is used for purpose such as medical or other treatment or care of person suffering from physical or mental illness or dieases, care of infacts, covalascents of aged persons and for penal or correctional detenion in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted. Institutional buildings are ordinary providing sleeping accomdation fot the occipants it includes

• Hosiptals
• Nursing Homes
• sanatoria
• Mental hosiptals
• jails, prisons
• Orphanages.

Gropu E: Mercantile buildings
These shall include any building or part there of which is used as shops , stores , market, for display and scale of merchantise, either whole sale or reatail.

Gropu F: Business buildings
These shall include any building or part there of which is used for transaction of bussiness, for the keeping of accounts and records for similar purposes. The principle function of these building is transaction of public busissness and keeping of books and records For example:

• Court houses
• City halls
• Town halls
• Libraries
• Offices
• banks etc,..

Gropu G: Storage buildings

These shall include any building or part there of which is used for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise. For example:

• Warehouses
• Transit sheds
• Freight depots
• garages
• Hangers
• Grain elevators
• Stables etc..

Gropu H: Industrial buildings
These shall include any building or part there of which is used for

Gropu J: Hazardous buildings
These shall include any building or part there of which is used for storage , handling , manufactures or procesing of highly combustile explosive materials also prducts which are liable to burn with extreme rapidily or which may produce poisonous fumes or explosions.

1. four unit apartment - groupA : residential builiding.
2. School with capacity of 1000 students- Group B- Educational building.
3. A single unit shop- group E: Merchantiler building
4. Multi Story Shopping complex - Group E : Merchantile.
5. Steel machine Factory-Group H : Industrial building.

6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team

Answer:

Design Team:

In building various aspects like form; space planning;aesthetics; and life safety; plumbing services; lighting and natural ventilation ; electrical and aliged installatons ; air condtioning; heating and mechanical ventilation; sound insulation and nice control; installations of lift and escilator; building automation; data and vboice communication; other utility services installation, landscape palnning and design; urban plannong etc needs to be kept in veiw right at the concepy stage.

The project aqcuring of team shall be depend on the nature and magntatude appraoch among the proffesionals for propeer intergation of various degin inputs. for this , and to take care of the complexies of multidiscplinary requirements. a design team of professionals from required disciplines shall be constituted at the approaitate stage. It is diserable that the multi disclipinary intergation is intiated right fronm thge concept stage.the team shall be finalise the plan.

The compostion of team shall be depend on the nature and magntitude of the project. design is an evualtionary and participatory process, where participation of owner contitute a very important input at all stages, and the some shall be ensured by design team.

To ensure proper implementation of the design, the design team may be assoiated with during the construction/ excution stage.(NBC 2005 Clause 4.1)

Management Team:

The objective of project mangement is primarly to achive accomplishment of project in accordance with the design and specifications ina stipulated time and cost frame work, with a degree of assurance prior to commencement and stasisfcation on accomplishment.

for large projects, seperate teamof experinced professionals from the required discplines may be constituted for project management and fgor construction management depending upon the complixities of project.

These teams shall be responbile for day-to-day excution.supervision, quality control,etcc. and shall ensure inter disciplinary coordination duriing the construction stage.

The team shall be achive stasisfactory completion of the project wit regard to time cost and quality, some members of design team may also be included in this team.

It is important that the leaders and the members of the team, depending on the time and complexity of the project, are carefully selected considerings their qualification, expernice and experties in these feilds.(NBC clause 4.2)

7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project ( from week 4).
a. Height Limitations
b. Area Limitations
c. Room sizing
d. Wall height
e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
f. Passageway requirements

Answer:

a. Height Limitations

(NBC 2005, clause c-2.5)

The height of the building shall not be exceed 15m

notes:

• For building upto height of 15m, there is no need to provide lifts.
• housing for the low income group shall be preferable be upto a maximum of two storeys.
• building for height beyond 15m in height should be restored to in excetional circumstances and it should be governed by the provisions laid down in this code.

The height of the bulding in my model is 6.4m which is less than 15m. Hence, it follows NBC giudelines.

b. Area Limitations

According to the NBC, the minimum plot size with ground coverage area not exceed 75%, shall not be less than 40m²in smalland medium town and shall not less than 30m² in metropolitan cities. plot size below 30m² and not less than 15m² may be permited in case of cluster planning.

The area occupied by the building in my model is greater than 40m² . floor area of my model is33'x20' i.e=61.9m²

c. Room sizing

Every dwelling unit provided should have atleast two habitable rooms. Even if one room house is provided intially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future.How ever, in case single room tentments are required to provide where future addtional are not possible. the carapet area of multi purpose single room should be atleast 12.5m² . such one room dwelling units with 12.5m² carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers. In a house of two rooms , first roonm shall not be less than9.0m² with minimum width of 2.5m and second room shall not be less than 6.5m² with a minimum width of 2.1m provided the total area of both the room is not less than 15.5m² . in incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room.

In my model the number of rooms in the building is 4 and the total area of the room is 46.41m² , which is greather than the specified value in code. hence the building is safe

d. Wall height

According to the NBC 2005, clause F-3.4, the minimum height of the rooms and spaces are:

• habitable room-2.75m
• Kitchen-2.6m
• Bath/ water closet-2.2m
• Corridors-2.1m

In my model all the walls are have a height of 3m which is greater than the minimumwall height specified in the code book. Hence it is staisifed.

e. Thickness based on fire life and safety

The thickness for masonry walls is given by the table 2 of fire and the life safety section of NBC2005.

In my model the wall thickness is 200mm which is greater thanthe specified valve in the NBC code book.Hence the model is safe.

f. Passageway requirements

Every building or plot shall abut on private / public mjeans of access like street/ roads duly formed.

The residential plots shall abut on a public means of access like street/ road. plots which do not abut on a street /road shall abut/ front ona means access.

In no case, development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accesible by a public street of width not less than 6m.

8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode

Answer:

This model resembles the actual modelling reuirements for project 1 of course work.

There is a need for this stair case to be provided to acess the first floor in my model, rest all the provisions given in the code book is satsified by the model created by me.

• Now we have to provide the stircase for my model.
• For this intially oprn the previous week model.
• Then to the Architecture tab in the ribbon and choose their stairs.
  
  
• Provide l-shape winder staircase as given below @ in front of building.

• now we have to provided the opening to verandh for the acess of stair.
• After the creation of opening for vernadh, then change the railing along the stairs to rectangular railing from the properties panel.

• hence the satircase is created.

3D view of my model with l-shape winder staircase

CAMERAS VIEWS FOR STAIRCASE:

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR @ VERNADH