Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Q.1 Ans

• Building codes address manys of society's most important concerns, including public health and safety, and enviromental protection
• building codes are used, whenwe are constructing a building,it gives the standard codes, that prevents from the earthquakes. By using the building codes, we can construct the building with the high-quality desing of the buildings.
• Because they are developed by a democtic and dellberative process that applies improvements incrementally, the building codes also address cost efficiency and investment value
• In large part, building codes establish a building's quallty, safety and energy performance for years to come, because inltial design and construction decisions determine operational and maintenance costa for the life of the building
• Building equipment and other components may be repiaceable and upgradeable but many aspects of building performance are designed in at the beginning, and are too expensive and difficult to change.
• Foundations and other parts of the building envelope are typically in place for 50 years or more.
• Building codes and design and construction decisions offect us every day.
• Some requirements such as fire safety codes and structural and seismic standards affect us in obvlous ways.
• Others, such as lighting quality, acoustics and the air we breathe also have major effects on our health and productivity.
• Building codes are used whenwe are constructing a building, it gives the standard codes, that prevents from the earthquakes and any other valcanos.
• it saves the human lives by using the building codes, we can construct the building with the high-quallty desing of the building.

A model building organization is a set of building codes that are developed and maintained by a standards organization. This standard organization operates independently of the jurisdiction or area in which the building code standards are being developed local government or councils can choose to adopt these building codes as they see fit, in order to better oversee construction within their area. Building code organizations establish minimum safety, construction and material requirements for builders to adhere to. To achieve the minimum standard of safety and welfare of residents of a building. The governing body defines a set of guidelines to regulate the contruction activities termed as building codes. A building code is a set of rules to regulate the construction activities across the country.

The National Building Codes of India (NBC), a comprehensive building code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a model code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Work Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The code mainly contains administrative regulations, developments control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials, tructural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability, and asset and facility management.

Q.2 Ans

According to NBC Buildings are classified according to use or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups

• Group A - Residential
• Group B - Educational
• Group C - Institutional
• Group D - Assembly
• Group E - Business
• Group F - Mercantlle (relating to trade or commerce; commercia)

Group G - Industrial

• Group H - Storage
• Group I - Hazardous

Q. 3 Ans

1. Initiation

• The project inltiation phase is very important
• The initiation lays the foundation for all furure steps all the way to the projject's closure.
• In this stoge you and your team will identify the key issues the New project will strive to salve.
• You will determine how feasible this project is and whether it actually makes sense to go ahead withits execution
• In this stage, management or other authority figures have determined a business need that will require the work of a project manager.
• The project itself could improve business processes, create revenue, or otherwlse fill a need in the organization

2. planning

• Once the inltlation stage is over, your project will enter the planning stage.
• As its name implies, this phase is everything to do with the planning and preparation of the project . plan everything correctly , and your project is guaranteed to be a success
• The planning phase is when the project plans are documented, the project dellverables and requlrements are defined and the project schedule is created.

3. Executions

• In this stage your project finally cames to life.
• During the excecution, you'll impiement your plan and begin to take all the steps necessary to carry out the project.
• This is the longest and most important phase of your project, in which all of the action happens.
• By the end of this stage, you will see the physical manifestation of the pre-execution brainstorming and planning. In the execution, the building blocks are actually, laid down, and brick by brick, your project building is formed.
• After the planning stage is complete, it's time to begin doing the work, Hence the execution stage, or the stage where a project is carried out

4. Manitoring and contral

• Monitoring and controls are sometimes combined with execution because often occur at the same time.
• As team execute their project plan, they must constantly monitor their own peogress.
• It is the process of consistantly monitoring progress during execution to ensure your team is performing as they should.

5. Final Stage

• Tears close a project when they deliver the finished project to the customer, communicating completion to stakeholders and releasing resourse to the other projects.
• This vital step in the project lifecycle allow the team to evaluate and document the project and move on the next one, using previous project mistakes and successes to build stronger processes and more successful teams.
• It is the final stage of the project lifecycle and it begins after a project has been completed.

A land development/ building project comprises the following major stages:

1. Location/Siting
2. Conceptualization and planning
3. Designing and detailing
4. Construction/Execution and,
5. Maintainance and repair.

Q.4 Ans

1. Construction:

• Managing the building of civil engineer system from cradle t grave to include cordination between the owner, contractor and designer.

2. Cost Estimation:

• It includes accounting, financial contracts and estimating the cost of the activities.

3. Contractors:

• Effective contract administration is intergral to acquiring the next job or project as a construction manager.

4. Geotechnical:

• Designing foundations and earthwork system to support soil itself and transfer loads from structures into the earth while limiting settlement.

5. Management:

• Managing equipments, personnel and supplies to build more efffectively, efficiently and economically.

6. Structural:

• Designing systems of structural member used to support loads for a specific public functions such as bridges, buildings dams and bell towers.

7. Surveying:

• Measuring physical features to include horizontal distances and elevation differences to determine property lines, layout building and produce maps.

• Appropriate multi-disciplinary teams need to be constituted to successfully meet the requirement of different stages. Each team may comprise need basd professionals out of the following depending upon the nature, magnitude and complexity of the project:

1. Architect,
2. Civil Engineer,
3. Structural Engineer,
4. Electrical Engineer,
5. Plumbing Engineer,
6. Fire protection engineer,
7. HVAC Engineer
8. Envornment specialist
9. Town planner
10. Urban Designer,
11. Landscape architect,
12. Security system specialist,
13. Interior designer quantity surveyor,
14. Project/Construction manager, and
15. Other subject specialist (s).

Q.5 Ans

• The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction works by they Public Work Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The code mainly contains administrative regulations, developmentt control rules and general building requirement; fire safety requirements; stipulation regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services; approach to sustainability; and asset and facility management.
• Group A Residential
• Group B Educational
• Group C Institutional
• Group D Assembly
• Group E Business
• Group F Merchantile (relating to trade or commerce; commercia)
• Group G Industrial
• Group H Storage
• Group I Hazardous.

1. Four units apartments comes under group A Residential
2. School with capacity of 1000 students comes under group B Educational
3. A signle unit shop comes under Group E Business
4. Multi Storey Shoping complex comes under group F Mercantile or Group G industrial
5. Steel machine factory comes under Group G Industrial, Group H Storage, Group J Hazardous.

Q.6 Ans

1. DESIGN TEAM:

• A dsign team can be singular individual working on design project across an organization, upto team of 50+ designers who have their own department. There's a lot that goes into effectively loading a dsign team.
• In building projcts various aspects like form; spaceplanning; asthetics; fire and life safety; structural adequancy; plumbing services; lighting and natural ventilation; electrical and allied installation; air conditioning, heating and mechanical ventilation; acoustic and sound installation and noise control; installation and lifts escalators; building automation; data and voice communication; other utility services installation; landscape planing and design; urban planning; etc need to be kept in view right at the concept stage. The project requiring the such multidisciplinary inputs need a co-ordinates approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design inputs. For this, and to take care of the cpmplexities of multi-disciplinary requirements, a dsign team of professionals from required disciplinesshall be constituted at the appropriate stage. Here, it is desirable that the multi-disciplinary integration is intiated right from the concept stage. The team shall finalize the plan. The composition of team shall depend upon the nature and magnitude of the project. Design is an evolutionary and participatary process, where participation of owner constitutes a very important input at all stages, and the same shall be ensure by the design team. (SP 7 Group 1(2005)NCB - 4.1 DESIGN TEAM).

2. MANAGEMENT TEAM:

• The management team is group of individuals that operate at the higher level of an organization and have day-to-day responsibility for managing other individuals and maintaining responsibility for key business functions.
• The objective of project management or construction management is primarily to achieve accomplihment of project in accordance with the designs and specification in the stipulated time and cost framework, with a degree of assurance prior to commencement and satisfaction of accomplishment. (SP 7 Group 1 (2005)NBC-4.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEAM).

Q.7 Ans

a. Height limitations:

A-2 HEIGHT RESTRICTION

No building or structure higher than the heightspecified in Tables 5 and 6 shall be constructed or erected, or no tree which is likely to grow or ordinary grow higher than the height specified in table 5 and 6, shall planted, on any land within a radius of 20 km from ARP of the aerodromes listed.

C-2 Height of Building (From NBC)

The height of building shall not exceed 15m.

According to my model the height is 7m. Therefore it does not extended 15m, so my project is according to NBC standards in height limitations

b. Area limitations (From NBC):

• The minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent, shall not be less than 40 m2 in small ans medium town and not less than 30 m2 in metropolitian cities. Plot size below 30 m2 but not less than 15 m2 may be permitted in case of cluster planning.

According to my model the area is not less than 40 m2, my plot size is 41 feet x 37 feet.

c. Room sizing :

• Every dweling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms. Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future. However, in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible, the carpet area of multipurpose room should be at least 12.5 m2. Such one room dwelling units with 12.5 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers. In a house of two rooms, first room shall not be less than 9.0 m2 with minimum width of 2.5m and second room shall not be less than 6.5 m2 with a minimum width of 2.1 m provided the total area of both the room is not less than 15.5 m2. In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room.

According to my model the room sizing are according to NCB:

d. Wall Height

F-3.4 Minimum height

The minimum height of room/spaces hall be as follows:

PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENT 59

a) Habitable room 2.75m

b) kitchen 2.6 m

c) Bath/Water-closet 2.2m

d) Corridor 2.1m

F-3.4.1 In case of sloping roof, the avarage height of roof for habitable rooms shall be 2.75m and the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.10m.

According to my model the walls are according to NCB:

e.Thickness (NCB GROUP 1 TO 5):

According to my model the wall thickness are according to NCB:

f. Passageway requirement:

The residential plots shall abut on a public means of access nlike street/road. Plot which do not abut on street/road shall abut/front on a means of access, the width and other requirement of which shall be as given in Table 1.

Q.8 Ans:

My project is designed according to NCB guidelines. Staircase and shaft needs to be added in my project.

a. Ground Floor

b. First Floor

c. Properties

d. Section View