Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Jagadeep.M.M

1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit ?

• Building codes address many of a society's most important concerns, including public health & safety & environmental protection .
• Building codes are used, when we are constructing a building, it gives the standard codes, that prevents from the earthquakes.By using the building codes,we can construct the building with the high-quality design of the buildings.
• Because they are developed by a democratic & deliberative process that applies improvements incrementally the building codes also address cost efficiency & investment value.
• In large part building codes establish a building's quality, safety & energy performance for years to come,because initial design & construction decisions determine operational & maintenance costs for the life of the building.
• Building equipment & other components may be replaceable & upgradeable, but many aspects of building performance are designed in at the beigning, & are too expensive & difficult to change.
• Foundations & other parts of the building envelope are typically in place for 50 years or more.
• Building codes & design & construction decisions affect us every day.
• Some requirements such as fire safety codes & structural & seismic standards affect us in obvious ways.
• Others, such as lighting quality, acoustics & the air we breathe also have major effects on our health & productivity.
• Building codes are used, when we are constructing a building, it gives the standard codes, that prevents from the earthquakes & any other volcanos.
• It saves the human lives bu using the building codes ,we can construct the building with the high-quality designof the buildings.

A model building code organization is a set of building codes that are developed & maintained by a standards organization. This standards organization operates Independently of the jurisdiction or area in which the building code standards are being developed local governments or councils can choose to adopt these building codesas they see fit, in order to better oversee construction within their area. Building code organizations establish minimum safety & welfare of residents of a building, the governing body defines a set of guidelines to regulate the construction activities termed as building codes. A building code is a set of rules to regulate the construction activities across the country.

The National Building Code of India(NBC),a comprehensive building code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country. It serves as a model code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other Government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies the code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules & general building requirements. Fire safety requirements,stipulations regarding materials, structural design & construction (including safety), Building & Plumbing services, approach to sustainability, & asset & facility management asset & facility management.

2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

According to NBC Building are classified according use or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups

• Group A - Residential
• Group B - Educational
• Group C - Institutional
• Group D - Assembly
• Group E - Business
• Group F - Mercantile(relating to trade or commerce, commecia)
• Group G - Industrial
• Group H - Storage
• Group I - Hazardous

3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle . The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

1. Initiation:

• The project initiation phase is very important.
• The initiation lays the foundation for all future steps all the way to the project's closure.
• In this stage you & your team will identify the key issues the new project will strive to solve.
• You will determine how feasible this project is & wether it actually makes sense to go ahead with its execution.
• In this stage management or other authority figures have determined a business need that will require the work of a project manager.
• The project itself could improve business processes, create revenue or otherwise fill a need in the organization.

2. Planning:

• Once the initiation stage is over, your project will enter the planning stage.
• As its name implies, this phase is everything to do with the planning & preparation of the project. Plan everything correctly, & your project is guaranteed to be a success.
• The planning phase is when the project plans are documented, the project deliverables & requirements are defined & the project schedule is created.
• It involves creating a set of plans to help guide your team through the implementation & closure phases of the project.

3. Executions:

• In this stage, your project finally comes to life.
• During the execution , you'll implement your plan & begin to take all the steps necessary to carry out the project.
• This is the longest & most important phase of your project, in which all of the action happens.
• By the end of this stage, you will see the physical manifestation of the pre-exection brainstorming & planning. In the execution , the building blocks are actually, laid down, & brick by brick, your project building is formed.
• After the planning stage is complete, it's time to begin doing the work, Hence the execution stage, or the stage where a project is carried out.

4.Monitoring & control:

• Monitoring & control are sometimes combined with execution because often occur at the same time.
• As teams execute their project plan, they must constantly monitor their own progress.
• It is the process of consistently monitoring progress during execution to ensure your team is performing as they should.

5. Final stage:

• They close a project when they deliver the finished project to the customer, communicating completion to stakeholders & releasing resources to other project.
• This vital step in the project lifecycle allows the team to evaluate & document the project & move on the next one, using previous project mistakes & successes to build stronger processes & more successful teams.
• It is the final stage of the project life cycle, & it begins after a project has been completed.

4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project

• Construction:Managing the building of civil engineering systems from cradle to grave to include coordination between the owner, contractor & designer.
• Cost Estimation:It include accounting, financial contracts & estimating the cost of activities.
• Contractors:Effective contract administration is integral to acquiring the next job or project as a construction manager.
• Geotechnical:Designing foundations & earthwork systems to support soil itself & transfer loads from structures into the earth while limiting settlements.
• Management:Managing equipment, personnel & supplies to build more effectively, efficiently & economically.
• Structural:Designing systems of structural members used to support loads for a specified public function such as bridges, buildings, dams & bell towers.
• Surveying:Measuring physical features to include horizontal distances & elevation differences to determine property lines, layout buildings & produce maps.

Appropriate multi-disciplinary teams need to be constituted to successfully meet the requirements of different stages. EAch team may comprise need -based professionals out of the following depending upon the nature, mangnitude & complexity of the project.

The different disciplines involved in construction of a project are as follows.

• Architect
• Civil Engineer
• Structural engineer
• Geotechnical engineer
• Electrical engineer
• Plumbing engineer
• Fire protection engineer
• Heating ventilation & air conditioning engineer
• Lift,Escalator & moving walk specialist
• Acoustics specialist
• Information/communication technology engineer
• Health,safety & environment specialist
• Element sustainability specialist
• Town planner
• Urban designer
• Landscape architect
• Security system specialist
• Interior designer
• Quantity surveyor
• Project/construction manager
• Accessibility & universal design specialist Asset/faculty manager
• Other subject specialists

5) How are buildings classified ? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four unit apartments
b. School with capacity of 1000 students
c. A single unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country, it serves as amodel code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction work be they Public work departments, other government construction departments, localmbodies or private construction agencies.

The Code mainly contains administrative regulation, development control rules & general building requirements;Fire safety requirements;stipulations regarding materials,structural design & construction (including safety),Building & plumbing services;approach to sustainability, & asset & facility management.

The buildings are classified as

• Residential buildings
• Educational buildings
• Institutional buildings
• Assembly buildings
• Business buildings
• Mercantile buildings
• Industrial buildings
• Storage buildings
• Hazardous buildings

The buildings are placed under each category in the tabular form shown below.

Buildings - Category

Four-unit apartments

• Group A (Residential Building) - Subdivision A-4

School with capacity of 1000 students

• Group B (Education Building) - Subdivision B-2

A single unit shops

• Group F (Mercantile Building) - Subdivision F-1

Multi story shopping complex

• Group D (Assembly Building) - Subdivision A-4

Seel Machine factory

• Group G (Industrial building) - Subdivision G-1

6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team

Role of Design team

A design team can be a singular individual working on design projects across an origanization, up to a team of 50+ designers who have their own department. There's a lot that goes into effectively leading a design team. in building projects various aspects like form, space planning aesthetics,fire & life safety,structural adequacy,plumbing services,lighting & natural ventilatin,electrical & allied installation, air conditioning,heating & mechanical ventilation,acoustics.sound insulation & noise control, installation of lifts & escalators,concept stage.

The project requiring such multidisciplinary inputs need a coordinated approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design inputs. For this, & to take care of the complexities of multi-disciplinary requirements,a design building automation,data & voice communication, other utility services Installation, landscape planning & design,urban plannig, ete. Need to be kept in view right at the team of professionals from required disciplines shall be constituted at the appropriate stage.

The design team for construction projects consists of an architect & engineers. Often the team itself may consist of an architectural firm & an engineering frim which themselves employ several architects or engineers on smaller projects you may simply have one architect or engineer who is taked with your project. Each of these groups can have individuals that specialize in specific areas of design or engineering.

Here, it is desirable that the mult-disciplinary integration is initiated right from the concept stage. The team shall finalize the plan. The comosition of the team shall depend on the nature & magnitude of the project. Design is an evolutionary & participatory process, where participation of owner constitutes a very important input at all stages, & the same shall be ensured by the design team.(SP 7 GROUP 1(2016) NBC-4.1 DESIGN TEAM).

Role of management team

Role of management team is mainly assigned to project managers who are responsible for planning,organizing & overseeing the various tasks involved in a construction project. These project managers are in charge of construction project management, & they reprasent the building or contractor hired to perform the work.

The management team is the group of individual that operate at the higher levels of an organization & have day-to-day responsibility for managing other individuals & maintaining responsibility for key business functions.The objective of project management or construction management is primarily to achieve accomplishment of project in accordance with the designs & specifications in a stipulated cost framework.With a degree of assurance prior to commencement & satisfaction on accomplishment.(SP 7 GROUP 1(2016) NBC-4.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEAM)

7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project ( from week 4).
a. Height Limitations
b. Area Limitations
c. Room sizing
d. Wall height
e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
f. Passageway requirements

According to National Building Code of India

Height limitations:

• As per NBC 2016,clause C-2.5, the height of the building shall not exceed 15m. page no.137
• The height of building shall not exceed 15m
• For buildings up to the height of 15m, there is no need to provide lifts.
• Housing for the low-income group shall preferably be up to a maximun of two story.
• Building for housing beyond 15m in height should be resorted to in exceptional circumstonces & it should be governed by provisions laid down in this code.

C-2.5 Height of Building

The height of building shall not exceed 15m

NOTES:

About my model:

The height of the building in my model is 6.3m which is less than 15m.

hence it follows NBC guidelines.

Area limitations:

• As per NBC 2016,c-2.3, page no 137
• According to NBC 2005, the minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75% shall not be less than 40 sq.m in small & medium town & not less than 30 sq.m in metropolitan area.
• The minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent, shall not be less than 40 sq.m in small & medium town & not less than 30m2 in metropolitan cities.
• Plot sizes below 30m2 but noot less than 15 m2 may be permitted in case of cluster planning, however, in such cases the ground overage & for shall be 100 percent & 2, respectively.

C-2.3 PLOT AREA

About my model:

• The area occupied by the building in my model is greater than 40 sq.m. Floor area of my moodel is 40'X30' i.e 1200 sq feet
• Hence it follows NBC guidelines.

Room sizing:

• As per NBC 2016, C-3.3,page no 138
• The area of habitable room shall not be less than 9.5m2, where there is only one room with a minimu width of 2.4m.
• Where there are two rooms, one of these shalll not be less than 9.5 m2 & the othernot less than 7.5m2, with a minimum width is 2.1m.

C-3.3 Size of Room

About my model:

• In my model the number of rooms in the building is 4 & the total area of the rooms is (13 m2)x2+(13 m2)X2=52 m2
• Which is greater than the value specified in the code.Hence the building is safe.

Wall height:

The minimum height of rooms/spaces shall be autoflows.

• Habitable room-2.6m
• Kitchen-2.6m
• Bath/water-closet-2.1m
• Corridor-2.1m

In the case of sloping roofs, the average height of roof for habitable rooms shall be 2.6m & the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.0m

About my model:

In my model at the wall havea height of 3m which is greater than the minimum wall height specified in the code. Hence it is satisfied.

Thickness based on the fire lift & safety

• The thickness for masonry wall is given by the Table-10of fire & lift safety section of NBC-2016.

Pssageway requirements:

• Passageways shall be of width not less than the calculate aggregate width of exit doorways leading from them in the direction of travel to the exit (see Table-1)
• In the case of buildings where there is a central corridor ,which is part odf exit access, the doors of rooms ( except for rooms having assembly occupancy) shall open inwards to permit smooth flow of traffic in the corridor.

8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

This model resembles the actual modeling requirements for Project 1 of course work

The model from week 2 to week 4 has been designed as per the NBC requirement as shown below.