Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

Q 1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit?

Answer:- Revit is a BIM software, it helps us to draw, design and model a structure. Only designing or modeling is not the task, we have to follow some basic set of rules and regulations to ensure the safety and coordination We have many types of constructions like residential houses, apartments, shopping malls, schools and hospitals. All the constructions cannot be of the same type, they differ from each other as the purpose served by them is different. So for different type of construction we have different set of rules and regulations which can also be called as building codes or building standards.

Building code organizations establish minimum safety, construction and material requirements for builders to adhere to. To achieve the minimum standards of safety and welfare of residents of a building, the governing body defines a set of guidelines to regulate the construction activities termed as building codes. A building code is a set of rules to regulate the construction activities across the country.

The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building constriction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and general building requirements; fire safety requirements: stipulations regarding materials, structural design and construction (including safety), building and plumbing services: approach to sustainability; and asset and facility

Q 2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

Answer:- As per NBC (National Building Code) the list of groups, which is essential while modeling building are fellows,

1. Group A Residential
2. Group B Educational
3. Group C Institutional
4. Group D Assembly
5. Group E-Business
6. Group F Mercantile
7. Group G Industrial
8. Group H Storage
9. Group J Hazardous

Q 3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle. The steps should include from conceptualization of the project to maintenance and the final stage.

Answer:- List the five major steps that occur in the project cycle are as a fellow,

1. Initiation:- this is the first phase of the project, where the value and feasibility are measured as per business needs. The project itself could improve business processes, create revenue, or otherwise fill a need in the organization.
2. Planning:- A well-written project plan gives guidance for obtaining resources, acquiring financing, and procuring required materials. The planning phase is when the project plans are documented, the project deliverables and requirements are defined, and the project schedule is created. It involves creating a set of plans to help guide your team through the implementation and closure phases of the project.
3. Execution:- After the planning stage is complete, Execution is all about building deliverables that satisfy the customer. Team leaders make this happen by allocating resources and keeping team members focused on their assigned tasks.
4. Monitoring and Control:- Monitoring and control are sometimes combined with execution because they often occur at the same time. It is the process of consistently monitoring progress during execution to ensure your team is performing as it should.
5. Closure:- It is the final stage of the project life cycle, and it begins after a project has been completed.

A land development/building project comprises the following major stages:

1. Location/siting
2. Conceptualization and planning
3. Designing and detailing.
4. Construction/execution
5. Maintenance and repair

Q 4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in the construction of a project.

Answer:- Following are the example of different disciplines involved in the construction of a project.

1. Construction: Managing the building of civil engineering systems from cradle to grave including coordination between the owner, contractor, and designer.
2. Cost Estimation: It includes accounting, financial contracts, and estimating the cost of activities.
3. Contractors: Effective contract administration is integral to acquiring the next job or the project as a construction manager.
4. Geotechnical: Designing foundations and earthwork systems to support soil itself and transfer loads from structures into the earth while limiting settlements.
5. Management: Managing equipment, personnel, and supplies to build more effectively, efficiently, and economically.
6. Structural: Designing systems of structural members used to support loads for a specified public function such as bridges, buildings, dams, and bell towers.
7. Surveying: Measuring physical features including horizontal distances and elevation differences to determine property lines, lay outbuildings, and produce maps.

Appropriate multi-disciplinary teams need to be constituted to successfully meet the requirements of different stages. Each team may comprise need-based professionals out of the following depending upon the nature, magnitude, and the complexity of the project:

1. Architect
2. Civil engineer
3. Structural engineer
4. Electrical engineer
5. Plumbing engineer
6. Fire protection engineer
7. HVAC engineer
8. Environment specialist
9. Town planner
10. Urban designer
11. Landscape architect
12. Security system specialist
13. Interior designer
14. Quantity Surveyor
15. Project/construction manager
16. Other subject specialists

5) How are buildings classified? Place the following buildings under each category
a. Four unit apartments
b. School with a capacity of 1000 students
c. A single-unit shop.
d. Multi story Shopping complex
e. Steel machine factory

Answer:- The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating building construction activities across the country. It serves as a Model Code for adoption by all agencies involved in building construction works be they Public Works Departments, other government construction departments, local bodies, or private construction agencies. The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules, and general building requirements and fire safety requirements stipulations regarding materials, structural design, and construction (including safety), building and plumbing services approach to sustainability, and asset and facility management.

1. Group A Residential
2. Group B Educational
3. Group C Institutional
4. Group D Assembly
5. Group E-Business
6. Group F Mercantile
7. Group G Industrial
8. Group H Storage
9. Group J Hazardous

1. Four units apartments:- It comes under 'Group A Residential'
2. School with a capacity of 1000 students:- It comes under 'Group B Educational'
3. A single-unit shop:-It comes under 'Group E-Business'
4. The multi-story Shopping complex:-It comes under 'Group F Mercantile or Group G Industrial'
5. Steel machine factory:- It comes under 'Group G Industrial, Group H Storage, and Group J Hazardous.

Q 6) Distinguish the roles of the Design team and the Management team.

Answer:-

a) Design Team :- Design team is a seperate team in a project, they basically work on designing of the building. It can be a singular individual working on design projects across an organization, up to a team of 50+ designers who have their own department. There's a lot that goes into effectively leading a design team. In building projects various aspects like form; spaceplanning; aesthetics; fire and life safety; structural adequacy; plumbing services; lighting and natural ventilation; electrical and allied installations; air conditioning, heating and mechanical ventilation; acoustics, sound insulation and noise control; installation of lifts and escalators; building automation;data and voice communication; other utility services installations; landscape planning and design: urban planning: etc need to be kept in view right at the concept stage. The project requiring such multidisciplinary inputs need a co-ordinated approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design inputs. For this, and to take care of the complexities of multi-disciplinary requirements.The team shall finalize the plan. The composition of the team shall depend on the nature and magnitude of the project. Design is an evolutionary and participatory process, where participation of owner constitutes a very important input at all stages, and the same shall be ensured by the design team.

b) Management Team :-The management team is a set of engineers who have mastered in different fields like structural, plumbing, electrical, civil and so on. The management team or the engineers are the one who is going to implement the plans which are created by the design team. They plan an important role in executing and carrying out the work. They ensure safety and supervising the works and find different solutions to the difficulties at the site, as we cannot say that everything goes as planned. The role of project managers, supervisors and site managers are to look after the needs of the labour and keep a check on the daily work completed and progress of the work.

Q 7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project ( from week 4).
a. Height Limitations
b. Area Limitations
c. Room sizing
d. Wall height
e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
f. Passageway requirements

Answer:-

a. Height Limitations

No building or structure higher than the heightspecified in Tables 5 and 6 shall be constructed or erected, or no tree which is likely to grow or ordinarily grows higher than the height specified in the Tables 5 and 6, shall be planted, on any land within a radius of 20 km from ARP of the aerodromes listed.

• For building up to height at 15m, there is no need to provide lifts.
• Building for housing beyond 15m in height should be resorted to in exceptional circumstances and it should be governed by provision laid down in this code.

according to my residental project, the height of the building is 7.4m<15m, so my project is according to NBC standards in height limitations.

b. Area Limitations

The minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75 percent, shall not be less than 40 m2 in small and medium town and not less than 30 m2 in metropolitan cities. Plot sizes below 30 m2 but not less than 15 m2 may be permitted in case of cluster planning.

according to my model the area is not less than 40 m^2,my plot size is 30m x 20m.

c. Room sizing

Every dwelling unit to be provided should have at least two habitable rooms. Even if one room house is provided initially it should be capable of adding a new second room in future. However, in case single room tenements are required to be provided where future additions are not possible, the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 12.5 m2. Such one room dwelling units with 12.5 m2 carpet area of habitable space is permitted only in case of on site rehabilitation of slum dwellers. In a house of two rooms, first room shall not be less than 9.0 m2 with minimum width of 2.5 m and second room shall not be less than 6.5 m2 with a minimum width of 2.1 m provided the total area of both the rooms is not less than 15.5 m2.In incremental housing the bigger room shall always be the first room.

In my project all room size is according to NCB.

d. Wall height

The minimum height of rooms/spaces shall be as follows:

PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS 59

1. Habitable room 2.75 m
2. Kitchen 2.6 m
3. Bath/water-closet 2.2 m
4. Corridor 2.1 m

F-3.4.1 In the case of sloping roofs, the average height of roof for habitable rooms shall be 2.75 m and the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.10m.

my project model is also as per NBC.

e. Thickness based on fire life and safety

f. Passageway requirements

Q 8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

Answer:- My project is already as per NBC