Identification of Cracks
1-a
Area of failure:- This image shows a damage at the Beam-column joint.
Type of failure:- Flexural damage
Reason of the failure:- We can see it very clearly that the part of beam is damaged more. The main cause for this damage is that, the provision of insufficient cover to the beam from the reinforcement. Another cause for this damage is the insufficient vibration of concrete as there is a chance of obstruction to the process of vibration by the reinforcement.
Is it repairable and if yes then how? :- Yes it is repairable. Providing a proper cover at the joint is the repair that can be done for this type of damage.
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1-b
Area of failure:- We can clearly observe the pullout of beam bars from a narrow corner column.
Type of failure:- Removal of the top layer (Pull out Failure)
Reason of the failure:- Improper anchorage and the failure of bond result in development of a crack at the end section and may extend through the depth of the beam.The insufficient anchorage provided to beams obstructs the formation of plastic hinge at the ends of beams.
Is it repairable and if yes then how? :- Yes it is repairable.These type of damages can be repaired but, the loss of anchorage in beam bars can not be treated easily. construct a new column or we can enlarge the old column to support the structure.
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1-c
Area of failure:- We can clearly observe that there are wide cracks in slab orthogonal to the beam at the beam-column connection. These cracks may extend upto a good distance and may also join with the other cracks extended at right angles from the parallel beams.
Type of failure:- Cracks in (beam, column, slab)
Reason of the failure:- This shows the complete participation of slab in the flexural action with the bars of it being parallel to beams.Cover problem in the slab or problem in the composition of the column and beam(material problem) in another way, very mild attack of the seismic. because the crack is very less density but throughout the structure.Ductile in nature, so the total structure withstands the lateral force.
Is it repairable and if yes then how? :- Yes it is repairable.Special cement or high-pressure grout we can use for filling the area.
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2-a
Area of failure:- It can be clearly observed that the image shows a failure of column due to buckling.
Type of failure:- Compression failure
Reason of the failure:- The failure happened because, the column could not resist the buckling load though the beams are provided at intermediate levels. These type of failures can be identified easily as they include a visible horizontal crack and loss of concrete cover,bar buckling, opening of stirrups and concrete disintegration. In most of the cases, buckling is observed at the midpoint of the column, as the Bending moment is maximum and the shear force is zero.
Is it repairable and if yes then how? :- No it is Non-repairable.
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2-b
Area of failure:- It can be clearly observed that the image shows a failure of column.
Type of failure:- SHORT COLUMN EFFECT
Reason of the failure:- This type of failure mainly occurs at the open ground floor levels and is frequently observed during Earthquakes.
Is it repairable and if yes then how?:- No it is Non-repairable.
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2-c
Area of failure:- The image shows that it is a failure at beam- column joint.
Type of failure:- : shear failure of the column.
Reason of the failure:- Improper connection of the beam column. complete concrete is crushed and the reinforcement is bend. Shear failure when the poor construction or the poor quality of materials.There is a possibility of lateral force attack the structure but the construction-wise poor in all aspect.
Is it repairable and if yes then how? :- No it is Non-repairable.
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