Identification of Cracks

1.What is the mode of failure or damage of the beams in the figure above? Are the damages repairable? Elaborate.

AIM:-To find the type of structural issues and it's possible rectifications on the following figures of building structures.

Damages on a structure:- A damage can occur in a structural frame or an element prior to its complete collapse of the element/structure. A damage is definitely repairable until no serious effects taking place within the building.

(e.g.) Spatting of concrete, Damages due to minor Mechanical impact, sudden shocks, vibrations and minor earthquakes are possibly repairable based on its severity.

Failure on a Structure: A Failure of structure occur once it exceeds ultimate limit state. Failure of a structure or an element means it loses its ability to be a part of the structural system. Failures often cannot be repairable with the original component. Yet there are rare scenarios where we can repair/replace a failed component to continue functioning of the building.

a.

Type of issue :- Seems like a damage.

My thoughts on issue:-

• The crack or damage is found at the bottom portion on the end support of the Beam and it might happends when the beam have reached or exceeds the compressive stress limit.
• It might also happends due to the plastic hinge formation at beam joint may be beacuse of lateral forces.
• The beam portion is only affected and no column portion is affected by the damage and hence it is a case of strong column weak beam concept.
• Reinforcement are not affected by the rupture.

• It can be repaired by providing same grade concrete at portion of rupture with proper workmanship because reinforcement are not affected by the damage.

b.

Type of issue :- Seems like a column failure.

My thoughts on issue:-

• Ruptures/ cracks are found at different levels of column.
• No damage is found at the beam members.
• Hence it is a case of weak column-strong beam concept.
• Seems to be an old building or a building built of poor workman ship.

• No rectification practices are advisable hence it seems like an old structure and also weak column strong beam concept while considering seismic activities.

c.

Type of Issue: Seems like a damage.

My thoughts on issue:-

• Cracks in slabs. Concrete portions are broken at connection.
• Several cracks in column and beams but not appears as a critical one
• We can conclude this damage was not due to Gravity loads, as in Gravity effect, Column beam connections are rarely failing.
• Any earthquake could have affected the building wherein it exposed to heavy sway shear. Due to sway shear effects, the connections are prone to fail.

• As the column and Beam are safe for further functionality, the connection can be strengthened by knowing revised design requirements.

2.What is the mode of failure or damage of the beams in the figure above? Are the damages repairable? Elaborate.

AIM:-To find the type of structural issues and it's possible rectifications on the following figures of building structures.

a.

Type of issue :- Seems like a column failure.

My thoughts on issue:-

• Severe ruptures/failures in column.
• The visible portion of the beam is not affected.
• reinforcement are exposed along with bending.
• Appears like a situation of weak column- strong beam cpncept.

• No rectification practices are advisable hence the reinforcements are damaged.

b.

Type of issue :- Seems like a failure.

My thoughts on issue:-

• Severe loss of concrete beyond reifocement.
• No bending are found on reinforcement.
• Appears to be an aged building.
• Loss of concrete depicts shear failure.

• No rectification practices are advisable hence the reinforcements are exposed and severe loss of concrete.And it is not possible to reconstruct the column with out damaging the adjascent elements of the structure.

c.

Type of issue :- Seems like a failure.

My thoughts on issue:-

• Column failed during construction stage itself.
• column collapsed as well as misplaced.
• reinforcements are bent and hence flexural failure is involved.
• Repositioning of reinforcement are diificult as the column has been collpased.

Conclusion:-All the structural issues have evaluated.