Identification of Cracks

1A) It is to be observed that there is a fracture at the support section of the beam bottom and this is due to reversal stress affected by seismic force.

This damage is not repairable as the bottom reinforcement is being yielded.

1B) In this picture it is observed that there is a crack at beam and column junction and hence this is beam column plastic hinge failure. This is caused due inappropriate provision of development length of reinforcement.

This damage is repairable if the crack is minor and again it will occur hence not the repair is not suitable for a long run.

1C) In this picture it is observed that the crack is all the way from the beam bottom to it depth and to the flange of the slab. This crack is caused due to cyclic lateral stress and reversal stress.

This kind of damage is repairable since the reinforcement is not yielded and the crack is quite minor.

2A) It is observed that the column is ruptured below the beam and since there is no wall around, considering the level of the building to be ground floor. Hence this damage is caused by weak column strong beam structure.

This kind of damage is not repairable.

2B) In this image it is observed that the colum is being damaged severely and the spacing of the stirrup is beyond the limit. If the stirrup was spaced at within the required limit this damage wouldn't occur.

This kind of damage is not repairable.

2C) In this image it is to be observed that the column is damaged and this damage is due to heavy load imposed to the column. As it is again observed that the column is having to slabs that are positioned one above the other.

This damage is caused due to weak design of the column and this damage is not repairable.