Final Project: Electric Rickshaw modelling
AIM: Designing of an Electric Rickshaw modelling by using of Matlab/Simulink, by choosing suitable blocks from the powertrain block set
Theory:
EV design – introduction
Vehicle design is a very complex domain since it involves a lot of attributes, like: interior space, dynamic performance, active and passive safety, connectivity, etc.. The same principles apply to either electric vehicles or conventional vehicles (with internal combustion engines) design.
In a series of articles we are going to focus on the high level design of an electric vehicle drive unit and battery pack. The same calculation methods can be applied whether we design an electric vehicle from scratch or if we do a conversion from a conventional vehicle.
The current article is an introduction, the full content being:
- EV design – introduction
- EV design – energy consumption
- EV design – battery
- EV design – electric motors
- EV design – mode management
- EV design – vehicle systems and components
- EV design – simulation model
- EV design – simulation results and evaluation
MODEL:
>Basic component to build:
Dc-motor
Battery
Vehicle body
Longitudinal driver
H-bridge
Drive cycle
Construction block
1.vechicle body
2.Motor and gear system
3.power controller
4.battery pack
>Part-1(vehicle body)Inside subsystem
>Inside the vehicle body structure
>Firstly Tier-two rear axle and two front axle
>next we have to connect the power of the motor or shaft of the motor through the transmission system to the rear axle
>There are four ports terminals which are :
H-hub
S-Tier slip
The N-normal force applied to the tier
A-Acceleration connection
2.Vehicle body:
>Then we connected the tier with tier with vehicle body vehicle relative parameters
>Based on tire magic formula we should taken of any condition
>In this I did not doing any applying on the slip so that I kept of const part
>If beta angle we can connect when the vehicle moving at some inclination angle
>And v- vehicle velocity part input
>W-wind velocity-constant
3. GEAR SYSTEM:Simple gear
>After than the rear axle tire is connected with simple ger system and output gear system part is connected to rear axle tire and input gear single is connected with shaft of the motor
>Nr-normal force to rear shaft(nr)
4.MOTOR:
There are several of motor like dc,brushless motor,bdlc motor,simple motor
Dc-motor-were combined of both mechanical and electrical
R-rotator
C-casing
Green-mechanical references
Blue - electrical references
>The motor is connecting to a simple gearbox input rotator shaft
>casing is a fixed point so that constant fixed connected to rotational mechanical references
>After that we need to control of dc-motor so that it should be controlled by dc-dc motor converter and were used of H-bridge
>If we connect directly to battery dc-motor we will lose any control of the vehicle
5.H-bridge:
>Combination of four switches and its consists of one of positive terminal port and another negative terminal of the battery and in that inside two terminal we have to connets to motor(+,+)(-ve,-ve)
>we have inputs of H-bridge are:
>PWM
>RF
>REV
>BRK
>And these are four control inputs and back if two power outputs and(+ve,-ve) are power inputs
>So I am using a simple dc motor at my first level there are different motors also available
>According to vehicle speed gear ratio we have to choose rate speed of the motor
>By there are two options in H-bridge as (a)Internal (b) external
>By choosing internal we cannot connect with battery by this h-bridge its take power its own itself dc_sources
>To control PWM so that we have to connect the controlled PWM voltage this block actually generates of pulse and based on this pulse from fixed point voltage variable output voltage available to the motor and the motor speed and motor torque will be charges
>Rev,BRK are not acting any application on it so that I connected with the ground current which as electrical references
>By ref+ should be applied of controlled inputs
>Controlled voltage source containing to controller inputs
>Another controlled source is connecting with brake that of regenerative braking so we want to use of rengerative braking now
>Regenative braking is nothing but whenever vehicle speed is reduced the power can flow back to their battery and the battery will charge
>If i applied acceleration signal at PWM parts of H-bridge and this reduced the speed of the motor and it will apply of regenerative brake
>Controlled PMW voltage its uses that the from a fixed battery voltage the variable output will available in motor or motor shaft and torque also changes
H-bridge:
>controlled PWM voltage sources
DC MOTOR and gear mechanism :
>Temperature sensor and motor temp sensor and voltage sensor:
Firstly :
>one of the temperature sensor is connected to h-bridge
>another temperature sensor is connected to dc motor
>measuring the current sensor and voltage sensor also
6.Drive cycle:
There are no of standard drive by using cycle is predefined the input values (speed vs time)
>By converting speed data into acceleration command so that we required controller then i am using as driver so that longitudinal driver is placed.so that the driver const following the vehicle references speed and compared with vehicle speed coming from the vehicle model
>In final the given speed reference sped is greater than actual speed then its means of the driver isgoing to pressing accelerator
>If actual speed is more than references speed then the driver is applied to brakes
>DRIVER:
7.Battery
>Accordibg to discharge which are taken from current dcmotor i am using simple battery so that i am using current sensor
>Were using of interger by this we can converts speed in Km/h and distance in Km
SOC ESTIMATE:
Battery parameters:
>Output result:
>Drive cycle :
Controlled temp:
hence see the graph of controlled temperature its gradually in increasing at 298.15 as depends of h-bridge condition of the vehicle at 12000 to 2000 the grph is staying at constant and remains of again its increases only
>Motor temp :
hence see the graph of controlled temperature its gradually in increasing at 298.15 as depends dc motor of the vehicle at 12000 to 2000 the grph is staying at constant and remains of again its increases only and run of time simulation is 2474sec
>INPUT and OUTPUT SPEED :
As now the vehicle is following of input speed and were some varies changing at 500 to 1000 time and at 1200 to 2000 the graph line is constant and its means of the vehicle is at constant position
>SOC and CURRENT:
As soc and current graph and soc is gradually discharing the at 100 to zero position because of motor and vehicle is running position and at 1200 to 2000 the constant line graph so that the vehicle and force position is constant at that time between
>Distance travelled vehicle:
2.WOT(wide open throttle)(60 speed reference of 30 sec)
>Controlled temp:
>here the difference at input speed is starts at were of 5sec and the vehicle is started of follow WOT condition and wrethe temp is gradually increasing and were no rise is seen while during the deceleration same behaviour is seen
>Motor temp:
Here in starts of 298kevlin and its reach to 310kelvin at start to end
>INput speed VS output speed:
Here the input speed is not match of output speed of the vehicle it means of the vehicle is not reaches to in 30sec time at 60kmp
>SOC and Current:
See in the soc at starting of vehicle at 5sec the soc state at 98.2 and while next at 30sec the vehicle is running at next 30sec the soc stay at 99.4 so it means the regernative brakes applied at again of again in charging power
Current is drawn back of positive at of 30sec and next of 30sec the totally negative charge
>Distance travelled vehicle:
3.Given as input signal at 45kmp at 100km constant
By mathematically solving converts the 45kmp to miles so that at value= 12.5miles
distance at 100km at distance= speed*time so that the simulation run is 8000sec
>Controlled temp:
while starting of vechicle and distance travelled the vechicle at 100km the speed is 45kmp and the temperature is rising at 296.15 to 298.102
>Motor temperature
AS vehicle is starting at and travelled at 100km distance and temperature is rises at 295 to 345 and at travelled of distance 100km the temperature stay at change to 345kelvin
>Input speed vS output speed :
Exactly the vehicle is travelled with input speed and distance miles of it 100km and while while starting some changes at speed due to acccralation so that constant sped of 45kmph(12.5m/s) is reached through the 100km distance
>Distance travelled :
