Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

Wheel Arch gap – Calculation

1. AIM- The aim is to calculate the wheel arch gap at required point and check whether the car passes the European standard or not.
2. Content-

1. Fender
2. Wheel arch
3. Different standard of wheel arch
4. Measure the distance at each angles and mention given model is pass or fail.

• Fender –
• Fender is a part of an automobile motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well. The purpose of a fender is pretty simple. Its purpose is to keep mud, rocks, liquid and other road debris from being thrown around by the tires.
• In other words, the fender is a housing for the wheels that keeps road debris contained. If there was nothing covering the wheels, all kinds of debris would be kicked up by the rotating tires.
• Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile that frame a wheel.

• Importance of fender-

• Car fender provide safety to the driver and the passengers at the time of accident or collisions.
• while running the car the tire through mud, sand, liquid, and rocks from the road to the tire in the engine cabin that time it protects.
• It also protects the pedestrian from road rock and mud.
• it also protects the car from dirty.

• Type of fender –

1. Full bumper type-
2. Half bumper type-

• Wheel Arch:
• The wheel arch is the semicircular part positioned above the wheel of a vehicle. The most important body above the wheel that protect the both pedestrian and car cabin from mud and water, road rock, or others road spray while running the car.
• Different countries have different wheel arch regulations.
• The wheel is an integrated part of a fender assembly.

• Fender wheel arch regulation –

1. Japan regulation
2. European regulation
3. US regulation

• Japan regulation—
• The clearance “L” for the tire of the car, hub, cap and fender is to be measured within area K and create clearance check chart to validate.
• The value of ‘’L” should be greater than 5mm at all position.
• Wheel guard requirement: the value of ‘a’ should be more than 5mm at line 30° forward and 50° rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

• US standard regulation-
• Make clearance check details on all positions from -100° to 100° and make the clearance check table.
• All value should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulation.
• The value of ‘a’ should be more than 5mm at a line 30° forward and 50° rearward from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

• European standard regulation-
• The clearance “L” should be measured at defined sections SA, SB, SC, SD, and SE and create clearance check chart to validate.
• At all the five section the value of L should be greater than 10mm to qualify the European regulation.
• Wheel guard requirement: The value of “a” should be more than 5mm at line 30° forward and 50° clockwise from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

• Note – If we follow the European standard for car wheel arch then it will follow all standard regulation.

• Steps followed in creating the sketch requirement for the European standard for calculating the wheel arch –

1. A horizontal and vertical axis is drawn from the center of the wheel.
2. The vertical axis intersection point is labelled as ‘A’.
3. Similar references are drawn at 30° to the forward and the 50° rearward. And name as its ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively.
4. A line is drawn 1500mm perpendicular to the horizontal axis and normal from the normal point on fender which gives point ‘E’.
5. The midpoint of the ‘C’ and ‘E’ is ‘D’.
6. Calculate the value of ‘L’ at each section and the value of ‘A’ are found at each section and determine the value of ‘L’ follow the European standard or not.

• Value of ‘L’ at A section.

Value of ‘L’ at section A=9.9489mm

• Value of ‘L’ at B section.

Value of ‘L’ at B section=10mm

• Value of ‘L’ at C section.

Value of ‘L’ at C section=0.113716mm

• Value of ‘L’ at D section.

Value of ‘L’ at D section=5.9755mm

• Value of ‘L’ at E section.

Value of ‘L’ at E section=2.8815mm

Region	Required clearance	Actual clearance	Result
SA	10mm	9.9489mm	Fail
SB	10mm	10mm	ü Pass
SC	10mm	0.113716mm	Fail
SD	10mm	5.9755mm	Fail
SE	10mm	2.8815mm	Fail

CONCLUSION: -

from the results we conclude that, the fender of the car does not pass the European standard regulation, according to the European regulation the value of clearance L between the fender wheel arch and wheel for safety of engine compartment and pedestrian is 10mm and this fender does not follow the European regulation.