Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

FENDER:-

Fender is the term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well (the fender underside). Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spary from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface.

Sticky materials, such as mud, may adhere to the smooth outer tire surface, while smooth loose objects, such as stones, can become temporarily embedded in the tread grooves as the tire rolls over the ground. These materials can be ejected from the surface of the tire at high velocity as the tire imparts kinetic energy to the attached objects. For a vehicle moving forward, the top of the tire is rotating upward and forward, and can throw objects into the air at other vehicles or pedestrians in front of the vehicle.

Wheel Arch:-

• The wheel arch is the semicircular part positioned above the wheel of a vehicle.
• The most important body change was that the front wheel arch was cut higher into the fender.
• Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spary from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire.
• For avoiding design alternation of the same vehicle to meet the different regulations in the different countries, the maximum valuse of the concerned regulation parameters are taken into consideration for Design purpose.

FENDER WHEEL ARCH REGULATIONS

• JAPAN REGULATIONS:-

• The clearence 'L' for tire,hub,cap and fender is to be measured within area K and create clearance chart to validate
• The value of L should be greater than 5 mm at all positions
• Wheel guard requirements:- The value of 'a' should be more than 5 mm at line 30 degree forward and 50 degreee rewards from the central vertical axis of wheel

EUROPEAN REGULATIONS:-

• The clearence 'L' should be measured at sections SA-SA,SB-SB,SC-SC,SD-SD and SE-SE and creat clearance check chart to available.
• At the all sections the value of L should be greater than 10 mm to satisfy europen standards.
• Wheel guard requirements:- The value of 'a' should be more than 5 mm at line 30 degree forward and 50 degreee rewards from the central vertical axis of wheel

US REGULATIONS:-

• The clearence 'L' to be checked at all position from -100 to 100 and create clearance chart to validate.
• The value of L should be greater than 5 mm to satisfy US standards.
• Wheel guard requirements:- The value of 'a' should be more than 5 mm at line 30 degree forward and 50 degreee rewards from the central vertical axis of wheel

Calculation of Wheel arch area according to Eurpoean Regulations

For Calculation of clearance between wheel arch and wheel we have to create a sketch on the outer most face of wheel. the procedure of which is given below.

• A datum plane is created at the outermost face of wheel.
• The sketch is created on the new Datum plane.
• A horizontal line draw across the center of wheel.
• A perpendicular line SA is deopped at the center of the wheel.
• Two line SB and Sc are created at 30 degree forward of SA and 50 degress rearward od SA respectively.
• A pont is created 150mm vertically above the centre line.
• A line Se is drawn from the wheel center and passes from the point created.
• Another line Sd us drawn from the center of the whhel and in the middle of line SC and SE by command of derive lines.

SKETCH

Obtaining the clearance L at the designated 5 points:

The Clearance Distance 'L' is calculated points SA-SA,SB-SB,SC-SC,SD-SD AND SE-SE,which should be greater than or equal to 10 mm.

• Clearance 'L' at SA-SA

L=9.949 mm

• Clearance 'L' at SB-SB

L=10.00 mm

• Clearance 'L' at SC-SC

L=0.1139 mm

• Clearance 'L' at SD-SD

L=-2.8875

• Clearance 'L' at SE-SE

L=-5.9973

Measuring the clearance value 'a' for wheel guard requirement

• Clearance 'a' at 30° line SB

a=48.626

• Clearance 'a' at 50° line SC

a=43.359

Conclusion

SECTION	L(>10MM)	RESULT	a(>5MM)	RESULT
SA-SA	9.949 mm	FAIL
SB-SB	10.00 mm	PASS	48.626 mm	PASS
SC-SC		FAIL	43.359 mm	PASS
SD-SD	-2.88 mm	FAIL
SE-SE	-5.99 mm	FAIL

For the above result conclude that the fender does not pass the European Regulations,as the minimum clearance L between the Fender wheel arch and wheel for vehicle and pedestrian safety is 10 mm and design does not meet requirements.