Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

FENDER DESIGN- WHEEL ARCH

Aim: In this challenge to Calculate the Wheel Arc area and prove whether the car will pass the European standards or Not.

Objective :

• Study about the different wheel arch gap standards.
• Draw the lines at the required angle and points for the European standard.
• Measure the distance at each angles and mention given model is pass or fail.

Given part file of Wheel Arch:

Introduction:

Fender:

The main purpose of fenders on cars is that they shield the wheels and they protect the passenger the pedestrians and the other vehicles from stones, mud, liquid and other debris that can fly in the air because of the speeding rotating wheels while the car is running.

Wheel arch:

It is a semicircular profile above wheels designed for enclosing tire within the fender the wheel arch is designed considering all possible motions the tire undergoes while the vehicle is in motion.

The most important body change was that the front wheel arch was cut higher into the fender. Corrosion had occurred around the splash plate at the back of the wheel arch. The car has big, high-definition headlights that extend to the wheel arch.

Different Wheel arch Regulations:

1. Japan Regulations:

• The clearance "L" for tire, hub, cap and fender is to be measured within area K and create clearance check chart to validate.
• The value of L should be greater than 5mm at all positions.
• Wheel guard requirement : The value of "a" should be more than 5mm at line 30degree forward and 50degree rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

2. European Regulations:

• The clearance "L" should be measured at sections SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-SC, SD-SD and SE-SE and create clearance check chart to validate.
• At all the five sections the value of L should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the European Regulations.
• Wheel guard requirement : The value of "a" should be more than 5mm at line 30degree forward and 50degree rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

3. US Regulations:

• Clearance "L" is to be checked at all positions from -100 degree to 100 degree and create clearance check chart to validate.
• The value of L should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulations.
• Wheel guard requirement : The value of "a" should be more than 5mm at line 30 degree forward and 50 degree rearwards from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

Calculations of wheel Arch area - European Regulations:

Wheel Arc Verification Using European Standards:

The important parameter which is considered in the designing of wheel arch or wheel is the clearance between wheel and fender during the vehicle bump conditions.

Requirements have been proposed by vehicle and road safety community to the minimum requirement of wheel arc distance from the wheel for safety.

Rules:

1. Measure of CL 'L' is done on sections SA, SB, SC, SD, and SE.
2. At all sections the value of CL 'L' should be greater that 10mm.
3. Wheel guard requirement -: The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at 30 Deg forward and 50 Degree backward from the central axis of wheel.

The below fig. shown the sketch is drawn on the wheel face as per the European Standards.

• In the above fig. First create the point on the center of wheel and then create the center reference line. project the on the wheel arch at section SA, SB , SC, SD and SE according to the given angle and distance to measure the distance / clearance 'L', 'a' and the wheel arch area.

Calculation of the clearance value ‘L’ as following:

1] The Measuring 'L' for the given wheel and fender at SB- The value of 'L' at SB= 10.0000 mm.

2] The Measuring 'L' for the given wheel and fender at SA The value of 'L' at SA= 9.9490 mm.

3] The Measuring 'L' for the given wheel and fender at SC- The value of 'L' at SC= 0.113949 mm.

4] The Measuring 'L' for the given wheel and fender at SD- The value of 'L' at SD= 2.8218 mm.

5] The Measuring 'L' for the given wheel and fender at SE- The value of 'L' at SE= 5.9973 mm.

From the comparing above four sections (SA, SC, SD and SE) the fender doesn't pass the European standards for the wheel arch.

From the below fig. the Obtaining the value of clearance 'a' from the wheel guard requirement.

Value of ‘a’ in SB line.

Value of ‘a’ in SC line.

Conclusion:

• Negative sign indicates that the wheel arc is behind the wheel.
• All the section don't have the Clearance ‘ L’ value at least 10mm positive, only SB is seen to have value of 10mm.
• We have concluded that the fender does not pass the European Regulations, as the Minimum Clearance value of 'L' between the fender wheel arch and wheel for vehicle and Safety is 10 mm and this design doesn’t meet the requirement.
• We got the value of ‘a’ greater than 5mm.