Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad

Aim:

A. To create the geometries from P1 to P2 using all the coordinates system methods and P3 to P10 by any one of the coordinate system

B. To draw the profile and the trusses using any coordinate system methods. The dimensions are there for reference.

Introduction:

First of all we should know about the coordinate systems before going to the drawing.

In Autocad, there are two coordinate systems, i.e., Cartesian and Polar. To these coordinate systems, the absolute and relative coordinates of Autocad are applicable.

Coordinate Systems: Coordinate system is a system where numbers are used to determine the unique position of points or the geometric elements. Also coordinates in AutoCAD can be set by mouse, input the values of coordinates in the command line and enter coordinates using dynamic input.

There are three types of coordinate systems. They are:

1. Absolute coordinate systems : In this system, all points are established at some distance in the X & Y axis from a common origin (usually 0,0).
2. Relative coordinate systems : The location of a Relative coordinate is defined by its distance from a reference point. In AutoCAD, when using this system the first point of the drawing is absolute, i.e. it is established wrt preceeding point. this system is further classified into two types.

• a) Relative rectangular coordinates: It specifies each point by a pair of numerical elements or coordinates in the x-axis and y-axis. In this system the points succeeding the first point are typed in as "@x,y" in the command line.
• b) Relative polar coordinates: It specifies the distance in length and the angle of a particular point wrt previous point. Here points are established by typing @distance.

3. Direct distance entry method: It is mainly used method used for drawing different shapes/ geometries in AutoCAD. It enables the user to draw an object by pointing the cursor in the desired direction and entering required distance in the command line.

Commands used:

1. Line command
2. Dimlinear command
3. Text command
4. Circle command

Procedure:

Start the AutoCAD software:

• Go to START MENU, select AutoCAD 2022
• Click on START DRAWING
• In the command line type in: STARTUP [ENTER]
• Enter new value of startup: 1
• Go to Application Menu and select New Drawing from the Dialog box, select the Imperial system in the "Start from Scratch" option.
• Next select the Decimal unit system from the "Advanced Setup" option
• Set the limits by entering LIMITS in the Command tab. The lower left corner is specified as 0,0, and the upper right corner is specified as 100,100

The above procedure is followed each time a new drawing is to be created.

1. To create the geometries from P1 to P2 using all the coordinates system methods:

1. Drafting the geometry for P1 by using all coordinates system methods:

a) Absolute Coordinate Systems:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 8,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 8,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 3,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 3,6
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 8,6
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 8,7
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 2,7
• Then the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

b) Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @6,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @0,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @-5,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @0,4
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as @5,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as @0,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as @-6,0
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

c) Relative Polar Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the starting coordinate of point2 as @6<0
• Specify the starting coordinate of point3 as @1<90
• Specify the starting coordinate of point4 as @5<180
• Specify the starting coordinate of point5 as @5<90
• Specify the starting coordinate of point6 as @5<0
• Specify the starting coordinate of point7 as @1<90
• Specify the starting coordinate of point8 as @6<180
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

d) Direct Distance Entry Method:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1 in the command line
• Enter the length of point2 as 6 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point3 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point4 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point6 as 5 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point7 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point8 as 6 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

II. Drafting the geometry for P2 by using all coordinates system methods:

a) Absolute Coordinate Systems:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 5,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 5,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 6,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 6,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 9,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 7,8
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 4,8
• Then the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

b) Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @3,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @0,4
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @1,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @0,-4
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as @3,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as @-2,7
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as @-3,0
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

c) Relative Polar Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the starting coordinate of point2 as @3<0
• Specify the starting coordinate of point3 as @4<90
• Specify the starting coordinate of point4 as @1<90
• Specify the starting coordinate of point5 as @4<270
• Specify the starting coordinate of point6 as @3<0
• Specify the starting coordinate of point7 as @7<106
• Specify the starting coordinate of point8 as @3<180
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

d) Direct Distance Entry Method:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1 in the command line
• Enter the length of point2 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point3 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point4 as 1 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point6 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point7 as 7 in the command line at an angle of <106 from the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point8 as 3 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

III. Drafting the geometry for P4 by using Absolute Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 3,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 3,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 5,3
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 7,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 7,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 8,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 8,8
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as 7,8
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as 5,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point11 as 3,8
• Specify the next coordinate of point12 as 2,8
• Then the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

IV. Drafting the geometry for P5 by using Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @1,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @0,7
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @5,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @0,-6
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as @-3,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as @0,-1
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as @4,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as @0,8
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as @-7,0
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

V. Drafting the geometry for P7 by using Absolute Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 10,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 10,7
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 2,7
• Click "Close" on the command line
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 3,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 5,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 5,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 3,5
• Click "Close" on the command line
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as 6,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as 8,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point11 as 8,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point12 as 6,5
• Then the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

VI. Drafting the geometry for P8 by using Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 0,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @10,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @0,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @-4,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @0,4
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as @3,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as @0,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as @-8,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as @0,-2
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as @3,0
• Specify the next coordinate of point11 as @0,-4
• Specify the next coordinate of point12 as @-4,0
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

VII. Drafting the geometry for P9 by using Absolute Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 1,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 6,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 6,3
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 3,3
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 3,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 2,2
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 2,4
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 5,4
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as 5,6
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as 1,8
• Then the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

VIII. Drafting the geometry for P10 by using Relative polar coordinate system:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 1,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @2<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @3<90
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @3<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @4<90
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as @5<180
• Click "Close" on the command line
• Specify the starting coordinate of point7 as 2,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as @3<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point9 as @2<90
• Specify the next coordinate of point10 as @3<180
• Then for the last point, Click "Close" on the command line

Result:

B. To draw the profile and the trusses using any coordinate system methods. The dimensions are there for the reference:

I. Drafting the Wood Profile as shown in the given picture:

Steps for creating the Wood Profile using Direct Distance Entry Method:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 0,0 in the command line
• Enter the length of point2 as 10 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point3 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point4 as 2 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point6 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point7 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point7 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <149.036 from the +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on
• Enter the length of point8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <210.964 from the +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on
• Enter the length of point9 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Enter the length of point10 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve y-axis
• Enter the length of point11 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
• Click "Close" on the command line
• Select the Circle tool by entering the 'Circle' command in the command tab
• Specify center point of the circle as 5,4
• Specify radius of the circle as 2

Result:

II. Drafting the Queen Post Truss as shown in the image:

Steps for creating the Queen Post Truss using Polar Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 1,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @4<90
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @5<45
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @5<315
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @4<270
• Press 'Esc' to cancel the Line Command
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 1,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @1<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @2.5355<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @2.5355<0
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @1<0
• Press 'Esc' to cancel the Line Command
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 2,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @1<90
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as @2.7256<338
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as @2.7256<22
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as @1<270
• Press 'Esc' to cancel the Line Command
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 4.5,5
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as @3.53571<90
• Press 'Esc' to cancel the Line Command

Result:

III. Drafting the Mono Pitch as shown in the image:

Steps for creating the Mono Pitch using Absolute Coordinate System:

• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the starting coordinate of point1 as 1,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point2 as 7,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point3 as 7,3
• Click 'Close' on the command line
• Select the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the "Line" command in the command tab.
• Specify the next coordinate of point4 as 3,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point5 as 3,1.667
• Specify the next coordinate of point6 as 5,1
• Specify the next coordinate of point7 as 5,2.333
• Specify the next coordinate of point8 as 7,1
• Press 'Esc' to cancel the Line Command

Result:

Challenge Accomplished