Week 5 Challenge

Consider a scenario where an aggressive driver is accelerating very rapidly and braking harshly in a city driving. Is battery better a choice to supply power than UC in this scenario?

Here the drive is agressive so there is rapid acceleration and deceleration is required so battery is not a better choice to supply power. Battery charge or discharge process is relatively slower and it has low power density. but ultracapacitors have large power density. As the Ultracapacitors are bigger capacitors, they store a large amount of electrical charge than the chemical batteries. They are having high power density. Ultracapacitors undergo a quick charge and discharge rate.

from the above comparison it is known that ultracapacitor is the better choice in frequent acceleration and decceleration mode

Consider the following components.

1) Lead acid battery 2) Nickel cadmium battery 3) Nickel Metal hydride battery 4) Lithium ion (specify chemistry) battery 5) Ultra Capacitor

Note: In case of a range of energy density, take the average value for the plot.

Create a plot with energy density on the X Axis and cell voltage on the Y axis.

Comment on the capabilities of these batteries based on the plot created.

Battery Name	Energy density	Cell Voltage
Lead-acid battery	35-40	2.1
Nickel Cadmium	40-60	1.2
Nickel Metal Hydride	60-120	1.2
Lithium-ion	100-265	3.6/ 3.7/ 3.8/ 3.85
Ultracapacitor	89.6	3.5

Energy Density: It is the measure of how much energy a battery contains in proportion to its weight. This measurement is typically presented in watt-hours/kilogram. The higher the energy density, the longer the runtime.

Lead Acid batteries:

Lead-acid batteries have relatively low energy density.

Nickel-Cadmium Battery:

Nickel Cadmium has a much higher energy density compared to lead-acid batteries.

Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery:

Ni-MH batteries can have two to three times the capacity of NiCd batteries of the same size, with high significance and also much less than lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium-ion battery:

Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density.

Ultracapacitor:

Energy density is more in ultracapacitors compared to capacitors.

For the above-mentioned components on the same plot (retain the previous plot) created in the previous

Create a plot with power density on the X axis and cell voltage on the Y axis.

Battery Name	Power density	Cell Voltage
Lead-acid battery	180	2.1
Nickel Cadmium	150	1.2
Nickel Metal Hydride	1000	1.2
Lithium-ion	340	3.6/ 3.7/ 3.8/ 3.85
Ultracapacitor	496	3.5

Consider the following scenario:

A battery has just been manufactured in the industry and has been connected to a charger for the first time. The electrode marked as (1) in the picture below is the negative electrode.

1. True
2. False

• during discharge Li-ion from negative electrode move through the electrolyte to gets the positive cathode.
• During charging electrons move from anode to cathode in the external circuit.
• Electrons flow to balance the cell voltage.
• During the electrochemical process, the anode is -ve and the cathode is +ve.
• At the first time charging, the lithium-ion from the cathode gets attached to anode and it forms the inseparable layer on the anode.