Week 4.1: Project - Steady state simulation of flow over a throttle body

Aim:- To run Steady State Simulation of flow over throttle body.

Objective:- Set up and run the steady state simulation for flow over throttle body.

Post process the results and show pressure and velocity contours.

Show the mesh (i.e surface with edges)

Show the plots for pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total cell count.

Create an animation in which it throttle movement should be visible.

Throttle body:

The throttle body is an important part of your air intake system that controls the air flowing into your engine. It's located between your air intake and engine manifold where fresh air is pulled into the engine for the combustion process (which is located in carburetor).

Throttle body Application:

Automobile Engine

Internal Combustion Engine

Reciprocating Aircraft Engine

Steam Engine

Butterfly Valves:

Butterfly valves are quarter turn valves which employ center mounted circular flap that swing into and out of the flow stream.

Stagnation Pressure:-

It means the all properties of fluid is in steady state condition pressure, velocity and temperature is zero (initial).

Case Setup:-

• Application Type: Time based.
• Material:-Air, gas Simulation, reaction Mechanism (N2,O2).

Simulation Parameter:-

• Run parameter:- Steady-state, fully hydrodynamic and compressible.
• Steady-state Monitor:-

1. Avg Velocity at Outlet
2. Avg Pressure at outlet
3. Mass Flow Rate at Outlet

• Simulation Time Parameter:-

1. Start time = 0 cyc
2. End time = 15000 cyc
3. Initial Time step = 1e-9 s
4. Minimum time step = 1e-9 s
5. Max time step = 1
6. Max convection CFL limit = 1

• Boundary Condition:-

1. Elbow Wall

• Boundary type = Wall
• Wall motion type = stationary
• surface movement = Fixed
• temperature at bounary condition = 300k

2. Inlet boundary Id_2

• Boundary type = Inlflow
• Inlet Pressure= 150000 Pa
• temperature at bounary condition = 300k
• Species Boundary Condition = Air (O2=23% & N2=77%)

3. Throttle Id_3

• Boundary type = Wall
• Wall motion type = stationary
• surface movement = Fixed
• temperature at bounary condition = Zero Normal gradient

4. Outflow boundary Id_4

• Boundary type = Outflow
• Inlet Pressure= 100000 Pa
• temperature at bounary condition = 300k
• Species Boundary Condition = Air (O2=23% & N2=77%).

Region and Initialization

• Grid Controls:-

Base Grid Size (X=4e-3, Y=4e-3 & Z=e-3)

• Fixed Embedding

Entity Type = Boundary

Boundary ID = Throttel

Mode =Permanent

Scale = 2

Embed Layer = 4

• Converge Geometry

Meshing body

CFD used a cut cell cartetian method is that the body fitted to mesh. That means the body perfectly meshed with our geometry, reducing the number of inaccuracies that propagate the rest of domain.

Paraview Geometry

Operations In Paraview

Fixed Embedding

Opacity

Glyph with Velocity Counter Vector

Result

Total Cells = 20,000

Rank 0 = 9800

Rank 1 = 10300

Mass Flow rate at Inlet/Outlet

Avg Velocity at Inlet/Outlet

Avg Density inlet/Outlet

Total Press Inlet/outlet

Static Pressure Inlet/Outlet

Animation video

Conclusion

• As we know the velocity increase at the inlet of the body and pressure decrease, at the throttle valve which used for the control of fluid flow the velocity becomes decrease and pressure increases and finally when the flow outcomes reach the flow becomes high velocity and low pressure.
• We have increase the embedding size at the throttle body most flow becomes velocity decrease and pressure increase.