1) Compare the different motors used in EV and list down the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Various types of Electric Motors used in Electric Vehicles

1. DC Series Motor
2. Brushless DC Motor
3. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
4. Three Phase AC Induction Motors
5. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM)

Brushed DC Motor

Advantage

• It gives the maximum torque at low speed.

Disadvantages

• Bulky structure
• Low efficiency
• Heat generation at brushes

Usage

It is used by the Fiat Panda Elettra.

Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)

Advantages

• No rooter copper less
• More efficiency than the induction motors
• It is lighter
• Smaller
• Better heat dissipation
• More reliable

Disadvantages

• Short constant power range
• When speed increases torque decreases
• Expensive

Usage

This type of motor is used in the Toyota Prius (2005).

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

Advantages

• can be used without using gear systems in a different speed range
• More efficient
• Compact
• Best suitable for in-wheel application
• Gives high torque even at least speeds

Disadvantages

• During the in-wheel operation at high speed it losses the high amount of iron

Usage

Toyota Prius, Nissan Leaf, Soul EV

Induction Motor (IM)

Advantages

• It is the most mature commutator less motor drive system
• By employing the field operation control it can be operated like separately excited DC motor

Usage

Tesla Model S, Tesla Model X, Toyota RAV4, GM EV1

Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM)Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM)

Advantages

• It is simple
• Robust construction
• High speed
• Low cost
• Constant long power range
• Fault-tolerant
• Higher power density

Disadvantages

• Makes so much of noise
• Low efficiency
• Larger
• Heavy
• Complex and design control
• Problem creating in manufacturing and controllability
• Low power

Usage

Tesla Model 3.