Week 2 Challenge
Question 1: Compare four different types of fuel cells and state their applications.
Ans;
chart is attached .
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Question 2:
Using a plot with energy density and power density on the X and Y axis, arrange various battery types like lithium ion, lead acid, Nickel Cadmium, Ultracapacitor, fuel cell.
Ans2).Using a plot with energy
density on the X axis and power density on the Y axis, arrange various battery
types like lithium ion, lead acid, Nickel Cadmium, Ultra capacitor, fuel cell.
Fuel cell: Fuel cells work like batteries , but they do not rundown or need recharging, they produce electricity and heat as long as fuel supply is ON. A fuel cell consist of two electrodes like batteries the negative electrode which is termed as anode and the positive as cathode. and the Electrodes are surrounded like sandwich around the electrolyte. A fuel , such as hydrogen is fed to the anode and the air is fed on cathode .. In a hydrogen fuel cell , a catalyst at the cathode at the anode separates hydrogen molecules into protons and electrons , which take different paths to the cathode . The electrons go through an external circuit , creating a flow of electricity . ---- the protons migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode , where they unite with oxygen and the electrons to produce water and heat .
Observation: In this graph we can see that fuel cell has highest energy density which means we can travel long with a fuel cell equipped electric vehicle but it consist of lowest power density which result in slower acceleration and vehicle runs under a speed limit.
Ultra capacitors :
Like a battery , a single ultra capacitor cell consists of a positive and negative electrode , separated by an electrolyte .however , ultra capacitor store energy electrostatically ,like a regular capacitor, not chemically like a battery - there is a dielectric separator dividing the electrolyte ,also like a capacitor .
Observation :
it is completely opposite to the fuel cell ultra capacitors which have highest power density but lowest energy density and can not be used as standalone fuel source. to be used as along with fuel cell or Li ion batteries.
Lead Acid : A lead acid battery consists of a negative electrode made of spongy or porous lead which is to facilitate the formation and dissolution of lead. The positive electrode consists of lead oxide . Both electrodes are immersed in a electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid and water. incase the electrodes come into contact with each other through any physical movement there is a possibility of electrical short which can be prevented by insulators in the form of membrane does this job which is chemically permeable.
Observation:
In comparison to ultra-capacitor lead acid battery has higher energy density but low power density which means it has capacity to run a vehicle up to a distance bus has less power
Li-ion battery
A battery is made up of an anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte, and two current collectors (positive and negative). The anode and cathode store the lithium. The electrolyte carries positively charged lithium ions from the anode to the cathode and vice versa through the separator. The movement of the lithium ions creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector. The electrical current then flows from the current collector through a device being powered (cell phone, computer, etc.) to the negative current collector. The separator blocks the flow of electrons inside the battery.
Observation:
the revolutionary invention that changed the energy storage issue and space required to storage high capacity of energy with in a limited space
li-ion battery has a sweet spot between the graph of energy and power compared to other storage option already available in the market li-ion is most suitable and more economical for every purpose and every voltage rating it is used in combination of series and parallel to carry out the required voltage rating .
Li-ion battery:
A battery is made up of an anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte, and two current collectors (positive and negative). The anode and cathode store the lithium. The electrolyte carries positively charged lithium ions from the anode to the cathode and vice versa through the separator. The movement of the lithium ions creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector. The electrical current then flows from the current collector through a device being powered (cell phone, computer, etc.) to the negative current collector. The separator blocks the flow of electrons inside the battery.
Observation:
The revolutionary invention that changed the energy storage issue and space required to storage high capacity of energy with in a limited space
li-ion battery has a sweet spot between the graph of energy and power compared to other storage option already available in the market li-ion is most suitable and more economical for every purpose and every voltage rating it is used in combination of series and parallel to carry out the required voltage rating .
Nickel Cadmium:
The chemical reaction that occurs between the layers is what makes the nickel-cadmium battery work. The battery, which is a DC voltage source, is made up of two ports: anode and cathode. The cadmium coating is kept on the redox first when producing the battery. The cathode terminal is the cadmium layer. Cadmium is a heavy metal of excellent electrical conductivity Separator layers are held above the cadmium layer. The separator layer's job is to provide the required OH ions for the chemical reaction. The reaction between the cathode layer nickel and the separator requires OH ions. It produces Nickel oxide OH ions as an output As previously stated, the separator layer is used to provide the OH Ions needed for the chemical reaction For the initial reaction, the separator layer is soaked in water to provide H20 As a result, one of the byproducts is H20 The cadmium layer is also mixed with OH ions derived from the separator layer on the anode side. Cadmium oxide and electrons are generated as a result of this process. It's worth noting that the electrons in both equations balance out OH ions are also canceled. The third equation, in which nickel is mixed with cadmium and water, is the reminder equation. Nickel oxide and cadmium oxide are the end A surge of electrons follows the chemical reaction, causing a potential difference between the two terminals.
Observation:
Nickel Cadmium are better than lead acid battery but in comparison to the li-ion batteries they are similar or we can say as near as lead acid batteries rather than that this batteries are used for following things: portable power tools, photography equipment, flashlights, emergency lighting, hobby R/C, and portable electronic devices.