Week-11 Challenge: Braking

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vITLA6wuj2k8vhcBMnaOwosqbHff5Gm-fGhvHdRNYXk/edit?usp=sharing

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vITLA6wuj2k8vhcBMnaOwosqbHff5Gm-fGhvHdRNYXk/edit?usp=sharing

1. THERFORE WE GET THE TOTAL BRAKING ENERGY FOR BRAKING USING SPREADSHEET OR XCEL SHEET.

• AND THE OBSERVATIONS ARE MADETHROUGH THAT
• WE USE THE KINECTIC ENERGY FORMULA FOR CALCULATION OF ENERGY.K.E=1/2MV^2.
• HERE M IS TOTAL MASS OF VEHICLE BODY PLUS INERTIA MASS OF VEHICLE.(m1+m2), AND V IS THE  VELOCITY DIFFERENCE FROM HIGH TO LOW VELOCITY.
• CALCULATING FOR THE DIFFERENT REGIONS WITH RESPECT TO TIME AND ADDING THE ALL THE ENERGIES  .
• THEN WEGET AVERAGE TOTAL ENERGY FOR BRAKING.

2.IN ELECTRIC MOTORS BOTH IN AC AND DC MOTORS NO TORQUE IS PRESENT AT MAXIMUM SPEEDSS I.E TORQUE DECREASES AS THE SPEED INCREASES.

• MOST TORQUE IS USED TO INCREASE THE KINECTIC ENERGY OF THE LOAD.
•  WHEN THE SPEED IS HIGH NO EXTRA LOAD IS APPLIED SO IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO INCREASE THE TORQUE,AND THE BRAKING TORQUE
• TWO TYPES OF BRAKING ARE THERE.
• 1.MECHANICAL BRAKING 
• 2.ELECTRICAL BRAKING.
• MECHANICAL BRAKING IS NOTHING BUT FRICTIONAL FORCES BETWEEN THE TWO SURFACES RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER.
• IT DEPENDS MOSTLY ON FRICTIONL FORCE AND APPLIED FORCE
• STOPPING OF SHAFTS  USING LINKAGES THAT TRANSMIT FORCE FROM ONE POINT TO OTHER POINT
•  SLOWS THE SHAFT MOVEMENTS THAT ARE COUPLED EACH OTHER. THERE ARE SOME TYPES SUCH AS BAND, DRUMBRAKES ETC.,
• ELECTRICAL BRAKING USES AN ELECTRICAL OR MAGNETIZING FORCES TO STOP AR SLOW THE MOTION OF THE VEHICE.
• USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS WHICH HAS FAST RESPONSE AND CONTROL STABILITY.
• IN REGENERATIVE BRAKING DURING BRAKING MOTOR  ACTS AS GENERATOR SUCH THAT COUNTER TORQUE OPPOSES THE MOTION OF MOTOR .
• AND THE POWER GENERATED DUES TO THIS STORED IN TH POWER CONVERTERS.

     IN REGENERATIVE BRAKING TWO WAYS ARE PRESENT SUCH AS SERIES AND PARALLEL.

IN SERIES REGENERATIVE BRAKING  MECHANICAL BRAKING BOTH  ARE APPLIED ONE AFTER ANOTHER

IN PARALLEL MECHANICAL BRAKING BOTH ARE APPLIED AT THE SAME TIME.

• WHEN BRAKE PEDAL IS PRESSED HYDRAULIC FLUID REACHES THE PISTONS OF BRAKE AND PRODUCES BRAKING PREESURE ON WHEELS AND ENERGY IS USED FOR REGENERATION BRAKING FOR GENERATING  MORE POWER USING BIDIRECTIONAL MOTOR  EHICH OPERATES AS GENERATOR.

3.IN THE MOTOR OPERATION  FOR FINDING THE EFFICIENCY WE SHOULD SEEN INTO VARIOUS LOSSE OCCURED IN THE MOTOR.

•  COPPER LOSSES
• IRON LOSSES
• WINDAGE LOSSES
• CONDUCTION LOSSES
• DEPENDS ON THE SPEED AND TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOTOR
• FROM THE OBSERVATION OF THE CONTOUR PLOT:

                                                                               THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY  IS IN THE INNERMOST REGION OF THE PLOT, AND THE EFFICIENCY DECREASES FROM THE OUTER MOST REGION OF THE CONTOUR PLOT.