Week 10 Thermal Management
Aim:
Prepare a report summarizing thermal management techniques for electric car battery pack.
Description:
* The performance of the electric Vehicle depends upon the battery pack.
* It is important to maintain the battery in order to obtain the optimum performance and the range.
* If the thermal management of the battery is bad, then the performance, range of the battery and will be affected.
* Hence Thermal Management is required for Battery efficiency.
* For Eg., A battery pack has 18650 cells, When in operation, the corner cells are in contact in the atmosphere where the heat dissipation is quicker than another cells in center of the battery pack. So, thus in condition, thermal management is required.
Report on the Thermal management:
* The ideal temperature of the battery should be preferred by Human beings.
* To keep in this range, The Battery Thermal management system is required, for monitoring and adjusting the battery.
* An effective BTMS keeps the cell temperatures within their allowed operating range.
* For an EV, Thermal management is needed for three reasons.
- To ensure that the pack operates in the desired temperature rangefor optimum performance and working life.
- To reduce the uneven temperature distribution in the cells.
- Tho eliminate the potential hazards.
Air Cooled:
* The method of transmitting the temperature in the BTMS with the low cost is Air-colled method.
* In this method, we use PASSIVE AIR COOLED SYSTEMS to get the outside air with respect to the speed of the vehicle.
* ACTIVE AIR COOLING systems include Fans and blowers.
* The Air-cooling eliminates the need of cooling loops for liquids leaking into electronics.
Liquid Cooling Systems:
* It is one of the cooling systems in the battery, which the coolant is used to cool the battery.
* Liquid Cooling System is used due to the convenient system and good cooling performance.
* Classified into DIRECT CONTACT and INDIRECT CONTACT.
* In Direct Contact, The liquid is directly passed over the battery., whilst in indirect contact, The battery cells are surrounded by either tubes or jackets in which the liquid do pass through.
* Among these two groups, indirect cooling systems are preferrable for isolation between the battery module and safety performance.
Phase Change Material:
* Phase change material absorbs heat throughout the melting process and saves it as latent heat till it reaches its maximum value.
* For a period, the temperature is kept at the melting point and the increase is delayed.
* Therefore, PCM acts as the conductor and the buffer in BTMS.
* The PCM is always combined with another BTMS system such as liquid cooling or air cooling to maintain the battery core temperature.
Thermo-Electric Cooling System:
* The thermo-electric cooling changes the electric voltage into temperature and vice versa.
* It removes the heat through the components by exhausting the electricity directly.
* Fans are equipped to improve the heat transfer by the means of forced convection.
* It allows with the ability to switch between cooling and heating operations and to do these operations with respect to the polarity change.
Result:
The report summarizing thermal management techniques for electric car battery pack has been studied and classified into various types.