Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
1) Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
ANS:
LCO
It has high specific energy which makes Li-cobalt the popular choice for mobile phones, laptops and digital cameras. The battery consists of a cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode. The drawback of Li-cobalt is a relatively short life span, low thermal stability and limited load capabilities (specific power)
LMO
LMO has Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and high-current discharging. In an 18650 package, Li-manganese can be discharged at currents of 20–30A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply one-second load pulses of up to 50A. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°C (176°F). Li-manganese is used for power tools, medical instruments, as well as hybrid and electric vehicles.
NMC
One of the most successful Li-ion systems is a cathode combination of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC). Similar to Li-manganese, these systems can be tailored to serve 4,000mAh and higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and discharge, making the cell mechanically unstable.
NCA
It shares similarities with NMC by offering high specific energy, reasonably good specific power and a long life span. Less flattering are safety and cost.NCA is a further development of lithium nickel oxide; adding aluminum gives the chemistry greater stability, reasonably good specific power and a long life span, make NCA a candidate for EV powertrains. High cost and marginal safety are negatives.
LPF
This cell has a high discharge rate and, because phosphate (PO ) can cope with high temperatures, the battery has good thermal
stability, improving its safety. This makes it a good choice for things like electric vehicles and power tools, and for storing energy at power stations. It also has a long cycle life, meaning it can be discharged and charged many times. However, it has a lower energy density than a lithium cobalt oxide cell, and a higher self-discharge rate.
LTO
. Li-titanate has a nominal cell voltage of 2.40V, can be fast charged and delivers a high discharge current of 10C, or 10 times the rated capacity. The cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li-ion. Li-titanate is safe, has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of 80 percent at –30°C (–22°F). no SEI film formation and no lithium plating when fast charging and charging at low temperature. Thermal stability under high temperature is also better than other Li-ion systems; however, the battery is expensive. At only 65Wh/kg, the specific energy is low
2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics
ANS:
