Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

Battery Name	Cathode Reaction	Anode Reaction	Overall Reaction
LMO  (Lithium Manganese Oxide)	Li1-xMn2O4 + xLi+ + xe- ==> LiMnO2	LiC6 ==> xLi+ + xe- + C6	LiC6 + Mn2O4 <==>C6 + LiMnO2
LCO  (Lithium Cobalt Oxide)	Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- ==> LiCoO2	LiC6 ==> xLi+ + xe- + C6	C6 + LiCoO2 <==> LixC6 + Li1-xCoO2
NCA  (Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide)	Li1-xMO2 + xLi+ + xe- ==> LiMO2	LiC6 ==> xLi+ + xe- + C6	Li1-xMO2 + LiC6 <==> Li1-xMO2 + C6
NMC   (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide)	Li1-xMO2 + xLi+ + xe- ==> LiMO2	LiC6 ==> xLi+ + xe- + C6	Li1-xMO2 + LiC6 <==> Li1-xMO2 + C6
LFP  (Lithium Iron Phosphate)	FePO4 + Li+ + e- ==> LiFePO4	LiC6 ==> xLi+ + xe- + C6	LiFePO4 + 6C <==> LiC6 + FePO4
LTO  (Lithium Titanate)	4Mn2O4 + 4Li+ + 4e- ==> 4LiMn2O4	Li4Ti5O12 ==> Ti5O12 + 4Li+ + 4e-	Li4Ti5O12 + 4Mn2O4 <==> 4LiMn2O4 + Ti5O12

LMO  (Lithium Manganese Oxide)

Cathode - Lithium Manganese Oxide

Anode - Graphite

Lithium manganese oxide batteries are safer than other lithium-ion battery types and are renowned for their great temperature stability. Lithium manganese oxide batteries can also be used to power electric vehicles and laptops.

LCO  (Lithium Cobalt Oxide)

Cathode - Lithium Cobalt Oxide

Anode - Graphite

Lithium cobalt oxide batteries are created from lithium carbonate and cobalt.They have a cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode; during discharge, lithium ions go from the anode to the cathode; during charging, the flow is reversed.This kind of battery has various disadvantages, such as a limited specific power and a relatively short battery life. Additionally, compared to other varieties, these batteries are less secure.

NCA  (Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide)

Cathode - Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide

Anode - Graphite

NCA batteries are uncommon in the consumer sector but look solid for use in the vehicle sector. NCA batteries offer a long-lasting high-energy choice, but they are more expensive and less safe than other types of lithium-ion batteries.

NMC   (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide)

Cathode - Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide

Anode - Graphite

Tools and automobile drivetrains use this battery type most frequently. The typical cathode combination ratio is 60% nickel, 20% manganese, and 20% cobalt. Because cobalt can be relatively expensive, the cost of raw materials is lower than it is for other lithium-ion battery choices.

LFP  (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

Cathode - Lithium Iron Phosphate

Anode - Graphite

They are more secure and have better thermal stability. Durability and a long lifecycle are further bonuses; they are frequently the most affordable alternative.  However, compared to other lithium battery types, the li-phosphate battery has less energy due to its lower voltage.

LTO  (Lithium Titanate)

Cathode - Lithium manganese oxide or NMC

Anode - Lithium Titanate

The main benefit of the lithium-ion battery is its remarkably quick recharge time.This type of battery has the potential to be used in electric buses for public transportation. These batteries have a lower inherent voltage or energy density than other lithium-ion battery types, which can cause problems when powering vehicles.