Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it

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ANS:

LCO(LITHIUM COBALT OXIDE(LiCoO2):

Anode structure: LiCoO2(lithium Cobalt oxide) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Charging process Equation: Anode: LiCoO2 = Li1-xCoO2+xLi++xe-

Discharging Process:

LMO(LITHIUM MANGANATE OXIDE(LiMn2O4):

Anode structure: LiMn2O4(lithium manganate oxide) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil) anode

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Charging process Equation:

When the battery is charged by the power source, the electron on the anode runs to the cathode from the external circuit. The lithium ion (Li+) goes into the electrolyte from the anode, passes through the small winding hole in the separator, reaches the cathode, and combines with the electrons that have already come over.

The reaction on the anode: LiMn2O4==Li1-xMn2O4+Xli++Xe(electron)

The reaction on the cathode: 6C+XLi+Xe==LixC6

Discharging Process:

When the battery discharges, the electron on the cathode runs from the external circuit to the anode, and the lithium ion goes into the electrolyte from the cathode, passes through the small winding hole in the separator runs to the anode, and combines with the electrons that have already come over.

The reaction on the anode Li1-xMn2O4+xli++xe(electron)==LiMn2O4

The reaction on the cathode LixC6==6C+xLi+xe

Aplication: Power tools, medical devices, electric powertrains

Performance graph:

NCA(LITHIUM NICKEL COBALT ALUMINIUM OXIDE):

Anode structure: LiCoO2(lithium Cobalt Aluminium oxide) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Aplication: Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla)

Performance graph:

Anode structure: LiCoO2(lithium Cobalt Aluminium oxide) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Charging process Equation: Charge: Li1-tNixMnyCozO2+tLi++te→LiNixMnyCozO2

Discharging Process:

Discharge: LiNixMnyCozO2→Li1-tNixMnyCozO2+tLi++te

Aplication: E-bikes, medical devices, EVs, industrial

Performance graph:

LFP(LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE)(LiFePO4/C):

Anode structure: LiFePO4(Lithium Iron Phosphate) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Charging process Equation: Charge:FePO₄ + xLi⁺ + xe⁻ → xLiFePO₄ + (1 − x)FePO₄

Discharging Process:

Discharge: LiFePO₄ − xLi⁺ − xe⁻ → xFePO₄ + (1 − x)LiFePO₄

Aplication: Portable and stationary needing high load currents and endurance

Performance graph:

LTO ( LITHIUM TITANATE OXIDE)(Li2TiO3):

Anode structure: (Lithium Titanate Oxide) conductive agent =acetylene black collector /anode=aluminum foil

Cathode structure: graphite conductive agent =acetylene black) collector /cathode=copper foil

Aplication:UPS, electric powertrain (Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV), solar-powered street lighting.

Performance graph:

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2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics

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ANS:

Item	LCO	LMO	NCM	NCA	LFP	LTO
Chemical formula	LiCoO2	LiMn2O4	LiNiCoMnO2	LiNiCoAlO2	LiFePO4	Li2TiO3
Theoretical capacity(mAh/g)	274	148	275	275	170	175
Actual Capacity(mAh/g)	140	120	160-220	180	150	160
Tap density(g/cm3)	2.8	2.2	2.6	2.6	1	1.68
Compaction density(g/cm3)	4.2	3	3.6	3.6	2.2	2.43
Voltage (V)	3.7	4	3.5	3.5	3.3	2.4
Life cycle	Better	worse	Normal	Normal	Best	Better
Transition metal	Scarce	Most abundant	More abundant	More abundant	Most abundant	Shortage
Material Cost	More expensive	Cheap	Expensive	Expensive	Cheap	Expensive
Environmental Protection	Contain Cobalt	non-toxic	Contain nickel and cobalt	Contain nikel and cobalt	non-toxic	non-toxic
Sefty Protection	Bad	Good	Better	Better	Best	Better