Structural analysis of a buidling using Robot Structural Analysis

1Q]

HVAC: -

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to achieve the environmental requirements of the comfort of occupants and a process.

It is a technology of indoor environmental comfort.

The main purpose of HVAC system is to satisfy the thermal comfort of occupants by adjust and changing the outdoor air conditions to the desired conditions of occupied buildings.

Depending on outdoor conditions, the outdoor air is drawn into the buildings and heated or cooled before it is distributed into the occupied spaces, then it is exhausted to the ambient air or reused in the system.

ESSENTIALS IN BUILDING MODELLING: -

• HVAC systems control the overall climate in the building. They also make the proper adjustments whenever we experience changes in outdoor temperature.

• Having a comfortable office climate increases the level of productivity and increases morale amongst the workers and employees
• Having a proper HVAC system installed is guaranteed to make your employees happy, hence, giving you better work results in return.

• HVAC systems not only regulate the temperature inside the building, they also improve the quality of air. The quality of air pertains to humidity, and a typical HVAC system will reduce the amount of humidity in the air.
• Proper HVAC systems are a worthy investment for any business or building owner because it gives you energy savings.
• Building & Equipment Durability.
• Maintaining pressurization between hazardous and non-hazardous areas.
• Increase Life & Health.
• Dilution and removal of potentially hazardous concentrations of flammable/toxic gaseous mixtures in hazardous areas.
• Filtration of dust, chemical contaminants, and odours through chemical and carbon-activated filters.

2Q]

AIM: -

Design HVAC system for each floor the model created in Challenge 7

Include the following elements in the HVAC system

Distribution centre

Collector

Ducts

Blower

PROCEDURE: -

Open Revit

Open new project with Mechanical template

Type VG

Visibility Graphics dialogue box opens.

Select SITE and Expand the list

Tick on Project base Point

Click on Apply and Press OK

Base point appears on the model space.

Click on INSERT TAB

Go to LINK panel

Choose Link Revit tool

Import/Link RVT dialogue box opens

Select the Architectural File of challenge 7

Click on OPEN

Architectural File is imported to the Structural File.

Now we have to copy these Gridlines to the structural file.

For that, Select COLLABORATE TAB

Go to Coordinate panel

Click on Copy/Monitor

Choose Select Link from the dropdown list

Click on the Link on the model space

Select COPY tool in the Ribbon tab

Tick on Multiple option

Select all the Levels in the Model space which are imported from the Architecture file.

Click on Finish then Click on COPY/MONITOR in the Ribbon tab.

Click on finish icon.

Now, The Levels are copied to the Mechanical File.

Select Systems Tab

Choose AIR TERMINAL tool

Go to Properties Browser

Select appropriate Air Terminal

We selected Supply diffuser type

Elevation: 2600

Press APPLY

Place the Air terminals at the required positions

Select Systems Tab

Choose MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT tool

Go to Properties Browser

Select appropriate ELEMENT

We selected Air Handling unit horizontal

Press APPLY

place the component at desire position

Select the Air supplier Air terminals and Mechanical Equipment

Choose Duct tool from the Modify Tab

Create Duct System dialogue box opens

Change the System name if required

Press OK

After creating the Duct system

Choose Generate Layout tool from DUCT SYSTEMS TAB

We get all available options to place the duct

In our case we got total 5 options to place duct.

After selecting proper duct system, press Finish Layout option

Repeat the same procedure to place Return diffuser

Select Systems Tab

Choose AIR TERMINAL tool

Go to Properties Browser

Select appropriate Air Terminal

We selected Return diffuser type

Elevation: 2600

Press APPLY

Place the Air terminals at the required positions

Select Systems Tab

Choose MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT tool

Go to Properties Browser

Select appropriate ELEMENT

We selected Air Handling unit horizontal

Press APPLY

place the component at desire position

Select the Air supplier Air terminals and Mechanical Equipment

Choose Duct tool from the Modify Tab

Create Duct System dialogue box opens

Change the System name if required

Press OK

After creating the Duct system

Choose Generate Layout tool from DUCT SYSTEMS TAB

We get all available options to place the duct

In our case we got total 5 options to place duct.

After selecting proper duct system, press Finish Layout option

Select all the HVAC components

Click on MODIFY TAB

Choose Copy to Clipboard tool

Click on PASTE tool

Select Aligned to Selected levels from the dropdown list

Select all the levels

press ok

RESULT: -

We designed HVAC system for each floor the model created in Challenge 7

Included the following elements in the HVAC system

Distribution centre

Collector

Ducts

Blower

3Q]

Open the Revit software.

Go to the Analysis tab and check whether the robot structural analysis is enabled in our software or not

If not, available we need to download if from Autodesk store

Open Google

Type Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2023

Open the link marked in the screenshot

Open the products Tab

Search for Robot Structural Analysis software

Download the required version

Install the software

Open Revit and check whether the Robot Analysis icon is available in Analyse Tab

In our case the software installed succesfully and icon is created in Analyse Tab in Revit.

4Q]

The process to determine the response or behaviour of a structure under some specified loads or combination of loads is known as Structural analysis.

Response means to find out support reactions, bending moment, rotation, stresses, strains, shear force, and deflection that, the particular member would undergo due to the application of different types of loads.

Analysis of a structure involves its study from the viewpoint of its strength, stiffness, stability, and vibration.

Structural analysis is a comprehensive determination to assure that the deformations due to load in a structure will be satisfactory and lower than the permissible limits, and failure of structure will never occur.

Before the design, we have to determine the behaviour of structure under different load conditions.

The structure is analysed for different load combination like gravity load, live load, wind load, earthquake load apart from effects of nature and environment etc.

The objective of analysis of a structure from the viewpoint of its strength is calculating internal forces, which will arise in all members of a structure as a result of external exposures.

The objective of analysis of stability of a structure is to determine the loads on a structure, which leads to presence of new forms of equilibrium.

The objective of analysis of a structure from the viewpoint of its stiffness is the determination of the displacements at specified points of a structure as a result of external exposures. The objective of analysis of a structure from the viewpoint of its vibration is to determine the frequencies and correlative shapes of the vibration.

These data are necessary for analysis of the forced vibration caused by loads like earthquake, wind etc.

Yes, Design affect modelling.

The structure is an essential element, defines the shape of the architectural shape and space.

Structural designing provides all the crucial information about foundations, walls, floors, roof types, steep beams, material quality, and more to ensure that the structure is built to be safe and sound.

This helps to ensure that the new or existing structure meets up all the necessary safety criteria and design codes.

Structural designing is also interlinked with ensuring the efficient use of construction materials and resources. Civil engineers have to determine the optimal material grade to ensure safety and operational use of the structures without any unnecessary costs.

5Q]

(A)

Boundary conditions are constraints necessary for the solution of a boundary value problem.

A boundary value problem is a differential equation (or system of differential equations) to be solved in a domain on whose boundary a set of conditions is known. It is opposed to the “initial value problem”, in which only the conditions on one extreme of the interval are known.

• The material is homogenous and isotopic.
• The deformation on the plane remains too negligible, hence it remains plane even after bending.
• The axial deformation is too small to inflict any change in area of the beam.
• The internal forces, such as bending moments, shear forces, and normal and shear stresses, at any section of a member are in equilibrium with the effects of the external loads at that section.
• Sections perpendicular to the axis of bending, that are plane before bending remain plane after bending.
• It is assumed that perfect bonding exists between concrete and steel at the interface so that no slip can occur between the two materials. Hence, as the one deforms, so must the other.
• In view of the fact that the tensile strength of concrete is only a small fraction of its compressive strength, it is assumed that concrete is not capable of resisting any tension stress whatsoever.

Defining the boundary conditions in a model is one of the most important part of preparing an analysis model, irrespective of the software that you use. Supports are an essential part of building your model to ensure accurate and expected results. These are not to be ignored nor guessed as it can lead to your structure not behaving in the way you anticipated. To define supports you need to be aware about the support detailing in case of steel structures. For example, a support column in a steel structure can be pinned or fixed, depending upon the detailing adopted.

Boundary Conditions for Structural Analysis:

The following boundary conditions are assumed for different structures:

Free End

The free end of any structural element can be subjected to linear to rotational displacement due to action of load. But, there is no sort of reaction happening at this end.

Roller Support

At a roller support end, the member is free to move along the support and to rotate freely. It resists the movement of the member at the support in the direction perpendicular to the support.

Hinged Supports

At a hinged support as shown in figure below, the support restricts linear motion i.e. along X and Y direction. But it allows to rotate freely about the support i.e. about the point that is pinned.

Fixed Ends

A fixed end does not permit any linear or rotational movement. Hence, at the fixed end, the support develops both resisting force or reaction in X and Y direction and also resisting moment.

(B)

Floors must be capable of bearing loads applied to them. There are two main types of load - live loads and dead loads:

• Dead loads include the weight of the building materials themselves, and are static and permanent. The dead load value is determined by adding together the weight of all permanently installed materials.

• Live loads are imposed on the building and are temporary and dynamic, such as the weight of occupants, furniture or anything else that can be moved.

To determine the minimum design values for strength, live and dead loads are added together.

(C)

As per the combinations the main loads are classified in to below types

1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Seismic load
4. Wind load

Load Combinations considered for the analysis:

Limit state of collapse:

1.5(DL + LL)

1.2(DL + LL + WL)

Limit state of Serviceability:

1.0(DL + LL)

1.0(DL) +0.8(LL + WL)

(D)

AIM: -

Create Analytical model in the Revit

Send the model to the Robot Structural Analysis

Perform the Analysis of the model

Report the following results:

Maximum moment in each Floor

Maximum displacement in each floor

Lateral displacement in building

PROCEDURE: -

Open Structural File of the model

Go to Project Browser

Double click on Level-1 Analytical

Click on ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Choose member tool to draw columns.

Select Top point Definition tool fom the Analytical member panel to draw columns.

Go to Properties Browser

Change the data

Structural role: column

Structural Type: Concrete-Rectangular 300 x 450mm

Press APPLY

Draw columns in the model space on the grids.

Click on ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Choose member tool to draw beams.

Select StartEnd point Definition tool fom the Analytical member panel to draw beams.

Go to Properties Browser

Change the data

Structural role: beam

Structural Type: Concrete-Rectangular 300 x 60mm

Press APPLY

Draw beams in the model space on the grids.

Click on ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Choose Panel tool to draw Floors.

Select appropriate tools from the Draw panel to create Floor in the moedl space.

Floor is created in the model space

Now Assign loads to the model.

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Loads

Choose Point Load

Go to Properties

Click on Edit Type

Change the data if required

Name: DL-point load

Fz (load value) : -2 kN

Press APPLY

Place Point loads on the columns in the model space.

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Loads

Select Line Load

Apply the loads on the beams

Go to Properties

Click on Edit Type

Change the data if required

Name: DL-Line load

Fz (load value) : -1 kN/m

Press APPLY

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Loads

Select Area Load

Apply the loads on the Floor

Go to Properties

Click on Edit Type

Change the data if required

Name: DL-Area load

Fz (load value) : -1 kN/m

Press APPLY

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Loads

Select Area Load

Apply the loads on the Floor

Go to Properties

Click on Edit Type

Change the data if required

Name: LL-Area load

Fz (load value) : -1 kN/m

Press APPLY

Create Load Combinations

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Loads Combinations

Structural Settings dialogue box opens

Press Add option

Add Combinations as per the code

Ultimate:

1.5(DL + LL)

1.2(DL+LL+WL)

Serviceability:

1.0(DL+LL)

1.0DL+0.8(LL+WL)

Press OK

Select all the loads created

Click on Modify Tab

Click on Copy to clipboard tool

paste to Aligned Slected levels.

Select all the Levels

Press OK

Loads are applied to all Levels.

Create Boundary Conditions

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Boundary conditions

Select Point option in Modify Tab

Select fixed option

Assign to all Columns at Footing.

Press OK

Create Analytical model to all levels

For this

Select ANALYSE tab

Go to Structural Analytical Model panel

Click on Analytical Automation

Analytical Automation dialogue box opens

Click on play buttion

Select physical elements

For this open the 3D model in the model space

Select complete model

Press Run

Analytical model is created for all levels

We created Analytical model

We applied Loads to each floor

We created load cases and Load combinations.

Send the model to Robot Structural Analysis.

Select ANALYSE TAB

Go to Structural Analysis panel

Click on Robot Structural Analysis

Select Robot Structural Analysis Link

Integration with Robot Structural Analysis dialogue box opens

Press OK

Now the model sent to Robot Structural Analysis software.

Robot Structural Analysis Professional software is opened.

Select Edit Tab

Choose Select all option from th dropdown list

Select Edit Tab

Choose Select all option from th dropdown list

Select Loads Tab

Choose Load Definition option

Load Definition dialogue box opens

Click on Menber

Press Apply and close

Select Loads Tab

Choose Load Combinition option from the dropdown list

Combinations dialogue box opens

Choose the Load combination and Press APPLY.

Select ANALYSIS TAB

Choose Calculations option from the list

Calculations dialogue box opens

Static Analysis starts

After completion of Analysis

Calculation message box appears on screen with details related to analysis.

We have finished the Analysis using Robot Structural Aalysis Professional

RESULT: -

We created Analytical model

We assigned Loads

We assigned Boundary conditions

We created Load combinations

We analysed the structure using Robot Structural Analysis.

We calculated Maximum moment in each Floor

We calculated displacements in each Floor

Lateral displacement in building for all Lateral Load Combinations.

E]

I think we need or have a better approach or idea in modelling structural members.

6Q]

Buildings demand energy in their life cycle right from its construction phase to demolition phase.

High energy consumptions may lead to serious environmental impacts like increase in the rate of global warming. Therefore, it is important to study the energy consumption of building at the conceptual stage

It includes the energy content of all the materials used in the building and technical installations, and energy incurred at the time of erection/construction and renovation of the building.

Operating energy is the energy required for maintaining comfort conditions and everyday maintenance of the buildings.

Energy usage analysis of buildings involves four principal steps.

First is the calculation of heat loss and gain to the building spaces and the heating and cooling loads imposed upon the building HVAC systems.

This calculation is carried out for a space temperature fixed in time and is commonly called the Loads calculation.

Second is the calculation of the energy addition and extraction actually to be supplied by the HVAC system in order to meet the possibly varying temperature set-points and humidity criteria subject to the schedules of fans, boilers and chillers, and to outside air requirements. This calculation results in the demand for energy that is made on the primary energy sources of the building.

Third is the determination of the fuel requirements of primary equipment such as boilers and chillers, and of the' energy production of solar collectors, etc., in the attempt to supply the energy demand of the HVAC systems.

Fourth step evaluates the costs of equipment, fuel, electricity, labour and retrofit components against the alternative of investing the money in other ways.

FACTOR OF SUSTAINABILITY IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE DESIGN: -

Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance. The basic objectives of sustainability are to reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, minimize waste, and create healthy, productive environments.

Sustainable design principles include the ability to:

• optimize site potential;
• minimize non-renewable energy consumption;
• use environmentally preferable products;
• protect and conserve water;
• enhance indoor environmental quality; and
• optimize operational and maintenance practices.

Utilizing a sustainable design philosophy encourages decisions at each phase of the design process that will reduce negative impacts on the environment and the health of the occupants, without compromising the bottom line. It is an integrated, holistic approach that encourages compromise and trade-offs. Such an integrated approach positively impacts all phases of a building's life-cycle, including design, construction, operation and decommissioning.