Radar Mast & Final Assembly of Yacht

MODELLING AND ASSEMBLING OF SUNSEEKER PREDATOR YACHT

Objective:

The main objective is to produce a detailed model of different parts of the yacht with the help of blueprints and some given dimensions and assemble the entire model.

Introduction:

• Solidworks software is a mechanical cad software which helps the designers to show their idea of a part or model in a realistic view in a virtual representation without actually producing a real part, which is so helpful to make corrections or to make new changes in the model easily before making a physical part product.
• In the process of modelling a sunseeker predator yacht we design a part or model by using initial 2D sketches, and then we turn them into 3d models using the tools like surface tools, featuring tools etc.
• Assembling and visualization play an important role in any model that we create in cad software.
• Here almost 90% of the model is modelled using surface modelling and we make them into a solid body.
• most of the part bodies are modelled using blueprints only.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY / DESIGN APPROACH:

TYPES OF COMMANDS

Sketch

Create the sketches and decide how to dimension and where to apply relations.

Features

Select the appropriate features, such as extrudes and fillets, determine the best features to apply, and in what order to apply those features must be decided.

Surfaces

Surfaces are a type of geometry that can be used to create solid features.

Assembly

Select the components to mate and apply the mates.

1. SKETCH

Creating a model usually begins with a sketch. From the sketch, we can create features. We can combine one or more features to make a part. Then, we can combine and mate the appropriate parts to create an assembly. From the parts or assemblies, we can then create drawings.

3-D SKETCH

When sketching in 3D, we can snap to the major directions, X, Y, or Z, and constraints are applied Along X, Y, and Z respectively. These are constraints to the global coordinate system.

When sketching on a plane, we can snap to the horizontal or vertical directions in the plane, and constraints are applied to the Horizontal and the Vertical. These are constraints to a plane, planar face, etc.

SKETCH COMMANDS:

Smart Dimension - This creates a dimension for a selected sketch entity.

Line - Line is one of the first sketching tools in Solid works Sketch Command Manager which can be drawn horizontally, vertically or at any angle. It plays a very important role to complete the 2D drawing of the product or part and is very easy to utilize its features.

Circle - The circle is another important sketching tool which enables to create the circular drawing in the graphics area. There are two circle tools available and they are the “Centre circle” and “Perimeter circle”.

Rectangle - Sketches rectangles or squares with a centre point at a selected angle. Parallelogram sketches a standard parallelogram.

Spline - A 2or 3-dimensional curve defined by a set of control points. Points within a spline can be added or deleted.

Sketch Fillet - A tangent arc in between two sketch entities can be created.

Point - Inserts a point or vertex into a sketch entity. This cannot be deleted if it is part of the sketch endpoint or centre point.

Text - It can be used to write the text necessary wherever required whether it’s a plane or face.

Offset Entities - Copy a sketch entity to a specified distance from the original entity. Must have a sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.

Sketch Picture - Insert an image file into the background of a sketch. This allows the user to 2D sketches based on the image. Use the sketch picture property manager to alter the inserted image.

Convert Entities - Convert Entities enables you to copy model edges into your active sketch. These sketch elements are automatically fully defined and constrained with an On Edge relation. Convert Entities are like Offset Entities except that the offset distance is always zero.

2. FEATURES

Some sketch-based features are shapes such as bosses, cuts, and holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a profile along a path. Another type of feature is called an applied feature, which does not require a sketch. Applied features include fillets, chamfers, or shells. They are called “applied” because they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other characteristics to create the feature. Typically, we create parts by including sketch-based features such as bosses and holes. Then we add applied features. It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features.

FEATURE COMMANDS

Extruded Boss/Base - One of the oldest commands in the SOLID WORKS software is the boss/base extrude command. An Extruded Boss/Base feature will allow us to take a 2D sketch and add thickness to it in the third dimension.

Extruded Cut - It’s a tool to remove material by projecting a sketched section normal to the sketching plane.

Split - Lines are used to dividing model faces into two. Split lines are created like any other sketched feature. They can be one or more connected sketch entities. They must be oriented so that they will pass through model faces when projected normally to the sketch plane.

Dome - It can add one or more domes to the selected planar or non-planar faces. The software calculates the distance using the radius of the arc as a basis for the dome.

Pierce Relationships - The Pierce relationship is used in sweeps. It can be thought of as a 3D Coincident relationship. In our spring, the circle will follow the helix. Think of the helix as a thin piece of wire and the profile sketch as being drawn on a piece of paper. If we stick the wire through the paper at the centre of the circle, this would be a pierce relationship. When we perform the sweep, the paper will slide along the wire, held at the pierce point.

Project Curve - Select Bi-directional to create a projection that extends on both sides of the sketch. The curve can be used as a path for a sweep.

Composite Curve - We can create composite curves by combining curves, sketch geometry, and model edges into a single curve. The composite curve can be used as a guide curve when creating a loft or a sweep.

3. SURFACE MODELLING

Surface modelling is a method of creating planar or non-planar complex geometry which has zero thickness. zero thickness geometry is known as surface. The surfaces are generally used to create models of complex shapes. We can convert surface models into solid models. We can also extract a surface from a solid model using the tools available for surface modelling.

Advantages of Surfaces:

• Surfaces give much more flexibility when creating complex shapes that cannot be done using solid features.
• Surfaces can be used to build a shape face-by-face rather than all at once.
• Surfaces can be used as reference geometry.
• Surfaces can be more efficient than solid features depending on the object.

SURFACE COMMANDS:

Lofted Surfaces – Creates a lofted surface between two or more profiles or sketches. Specify start and end constraints and add guide curves to control the path shape.

Boundary Surfaces – The boundary surface feature lets us create surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both directions (all sides of the surface). In most cases, this delivers a higher quality result than the loft tool.

Extruded Surfaces – Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions two create surface features

Revolved Surfaces – Revolves a sketch or selected sketch contours around an axis to create surface features.

Swept Surfaces – It Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a surface feature. It uses a tangent plane at the end of the path so that the path is normal to the swept surface.

Filled Surfaces – Patches a surface within a boundary defined by edges, sketches, or curves. We can use constraint curves to fill surfaces and adjust resolution control to improve surface finish.

Ruled Surfaces – Inserts ruled surfaces in a specified direction from edges. Tangent to the surface, Normal to the surface, tapered to vector, perpendicular to vector or sweep can be selected. We can also trim and knit the surfaces and remove any connecting surfaces.

Trim Surface – It trims the surfaces where a surface intersects with another surface, a plane or a sketch

Knit Surface – It combines two or more adjacent, non-intersecting surfaces into a single surface body. The surfaces must join at an edge. If the resulting knit surface encloses a volume, we can create a solid body from the Property Manager

Move/copy surfaces – Moves or copy surfaces about a plane or a sketch.

Offset Surface – Offsets surfaces using one or more contiguous faces. This tool helps us to create an offset surface with gaps.

Extend Surface – Extends one or more edges or faces on a surface, based on end conditions and extension type.

Mirror surfaces – A mirror feature is a copy of a selected feature, mirrored about a plane or planar face. A mirror sketch entity is a copy of a selected sketch entity that is mirrored about a centerline. If the original feature or sketch is modified, the mirrored copy is updated to reflect the change.

Reference plane – We can create planes in parts or assembly documents. We can use planes to sketch, create a section view of a model, for a neutral plane in a draft feature, and so on.

Projected curve – A projected curve is typically used either in sweeps and lofts as a path or as a guide curve. There are two types of projected curves:

Sketch on Sketch: Use two sketches to make a single curve.

Sketch on the surface: Use a sketch to project on a surface.

Split line – The Split Line tool projects an entity (sketch, solid, surface, face, plane, or surface spline) to surfaces, or curved or planar faces. It divides a selected face into multiple separate faces. We can split curves on multiple bodies with one command.

Split point – We can split a sketch entity to create two sketch entities. Conversely, we can delete a split point to combine two sketch entities into a single sketch entity.

Fillet - A fillet is an internal rounding of a corner or edge in a sketch or an edge on a surface.

PART MODELLING DESCRIPTION:

BLUE PRINT SETUP:

A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets. A blueprint is a guide for making something, it's a design or pattern that can be followed. They were easier to read and faster to make.

1. PROPELLER:

There can be one, two or three propellers. It is the most important part of the ship without which a ship can't move. So, the main function of the propeller is to propel the ship in the forward direction by producing thrust on water. Its working principles are Newton's third law of motion and Bernoulli's theorem.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Spline
• Circle
• Line

In Features

• Revolved Boss/Base
• Lofted Boss/Base
• Extruded Cut
• Reference Plane
• Circular Pattern
• Fillet

2. RADAR:

Marine radars are X-band or S-band radars on ships, used to detect other ships and land obstacles, and to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea. They are electronic navigation instruments that use a rotating antenna to sweep a narrow beam of microwaves around the water surface surrounding the ship to the horizon, detecting targets by microwaves reflected from them, generating a picture of the ship's surroundings on a display screen.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Line
• Text
• Circle
• Point

In Features

• Extruded Boss/Base
• Extruded Cut
• Sketch Pattern
• Fillet
• Mirror
• Split Line

3. HULL:

A hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.

The hull of a ship is the most notable structural entity of the ship. To define the hull, it can be said that it is the watertight enclosure of the ship, which protects the cargo, machinery, and accommodation spaces of the ship from weather, flooding, and structural damage.

• The hull is a watertight body of a vessel which may be open or may be partially covered with a deck.
• Hull has several watertight decks and bulkheads as the major transverse membrane.
• The intermediate member of the hull consists of girders, webs and stringers.
• Depending on the structural arrangements, there may be longitudinal members for strengthening purposes.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Line
• Spline
• Circle
• Rectangle
• Arc
• Slot
• 3-D Sketch
• Sketch picture

In Surfaces

• Extruded Surface
• Revolved Surface
• Lofted Surface
• Surface Trim
• Surface Fill
• Surface Knit
• Delete Face

In Features

• Project Curve
• Chamfer
• Fillets
• Reference Plane
• Split
• Split Line
• Extruded BossBase
• Extruded Cut
• Mirror

4. GARAGE DOOR:

A garage door is a large door in a garage that opens either manually or by an electric motor (a garage door opener). Garage doors are frequently large enough to accommodate automobiles and other vehicles. The operating mechanism is spring-loaded or counterbalanced to offset the weight of the door and reduce the human or motor effort required to operate the door. Less commonly, some garage doors slide or swing horizontally. Doors are made of wood, metal, or fibreglass, and may be insulated to prevent heat loss.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Line
• Spline
• Circle
• Text

In Features

• Extruded Cut
• Reference Plane
• Fillet
• Shell
• Mirror

5. SUPERSTRUCTURE:

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline called ground level and it usually serves the purpose of the structure's intended use. A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck, extending from side to side of the ship.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Sketch Picture
• 3D Sketch
• Line
• Spline
• Circle
• Rectangle
• Center Point Arc

In Surfaces

• Extruded Surface
• Swept Surface
• Ruled Surface
• Knit Surface
• Trim Surface
• Extend Surface
• Filled Surface
• Lofted Surface
• Revolved Surface
• Fillet
• Chamfer

In Features

• Project Curve
• Reference Curve
• Convert Entities
• Split
• Split Line

6. FRONT SEAT:

Front seats feature two connected seats that are built back-to-back from one another. They have a built-in storage unit underneath them. Lounge seats can also fully recline right back to make it easier for you to kick your feet up and get more comfortable. The front seat in our model was placed before the superstructure and also it has sun pads to rest on it. Sun pads are a great way to reclaim lost space on our boat.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Sketch Picture
• Line
• Spline
• Circle
• Arcs

In Surfaces

• Extruded Surface
• Lofted Surface
• Trim Surface
• Filled Surface
• Knit Surface
• Swept Surface
• Revolved Surface

In Features

• Extruded Cut
• Revolved Boss/Base
• Chamfer
• Fillet
• Mirror
• Dome

7. MIDDLE SEAT:

The middle seat in our model was placed just behind the superstructure. It is provided with a luxury table to dine out. It can also be used to have casual meetings with co-passengers.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Sketch Picture
• Line
• Rectangle

In Features

• Extruded Boss/Base
• Chamfer
• Fillet
• Mirror
• Reference Plane

8. REAR SEAT:

The rear seat was placed at the end of the deck surface. The rear seat consists of locker racks and steel doors for our stairs. The flag was also placed behind the rear seat since it’s the end part of our yacht. To have a nice view from the yacht while having a drink the rear seat was also provided with slots to rest the glass or mug.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Sketch Picture
• Line
• Spline
• Circle
• Arcs
• Rectangle

In Surfaces

• Swept Surface
• Extruded Surface
• Off-set Surface
• Filled Surface
• Knit Surface
• Ruled Surface
• Lofted Surface

In Features

• Reference Plane
• Extruded Boss/Base
• Revolved Boss/Base
• Fillet
• Mirror

9. RADAR MAST:

A mast is a vertical ship structure mounted on top of the bridge and forward of the forecastle towards the ship’s bow. It accounts for the support platform for the ship's derrick and holds necessary equipment such as radars, navigation lights and ship's horns in case of the foremast. They are made of high-tensile steel with added rigidity based on the size of the derricks it holds. Other than that a ship's main mast is also used to hoist the ship's flag.

Out of different parts of the ship, the main job of the mast is to hold necessary equipment such as radar receiver, navigation lights, ships horn, flags and derricks in some cases.

COMMANDS USED TO MODEL

In Sketch

• Sketch Picture
• Line
• Spline
• Rectangle
• Arcs

In Feature

• Extruded Boss/Base
• Lofted Boss/Base
• Revolved Boss/Base
• Swept Boss/Base
• Reference Plane
• Projected Curve
• Fillet
• Mirror
• Dome
• Shell

ASSEMBLY:

An assembly is a document in which parts, features, and other assemblies (sub-assemblies) are mated together. The parts and subassemblies exist in documents separate from the assembly. For example, in an assembly, a piston can be mated to other parts, such as a connecting rod or cylinder. This new assembly can then be used as a sub-assembly in an assembly of an engine. The extension for a SolidWorks assembly file name is SLDASM.

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

ISOMETRIC VIEW

REARVIEW

RENDERING:

Rendering of the Solidworks model is done using PhotoView 360

CONCLUSION:

Through this project, I have learned

• How to design a part or a model with proper 2D sketching and dimensioning.
• How to make a fully defined sketch.
• How to model a part or component using different features like surface modelling and solid modelling etc.
• How to make an assembly by using proper mates.
• How to make a photo-realistic view of a model by using photoview360.