Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1.
- Battery
- Starter
- Ammeter
- Current and voltage regulator
- Generator
- Fuse
- Junction block
- Ignition switch
- Ignition coil
- Distributer
- Breaker
- Wiring harness
- Ground points
- Switches
- Lights and horns
2.
Battery
A car battery serves as the primary source of electrical energy for various electrical systems in a vehicle.
Working: - A battery stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy. The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material to another, through an external circuit. This flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.
Generator
The generator also known as an alternator in modern vehicles is responsible for generating electrical power to charge the battery and supply power to the vehicles electrical system.
Working: - As the engine runs the generator is driven by a belt connected to the engine’s crankshaft. It produces an alternating current, which is then converted to direct current by a rectifier. The generated DC is used to charge battery and power the electrical components of the vehicle.
Fuse
Fuses are safety devices designed to protect electrical circuits from overcurrent. They prevent damage to wiring and components in a case of short circuit or excessive current flow.
Working: - Fuses consist of a metal conductor that melts when the current exceeds a specified level. When short circuit or excessive current occurs the metal conductor melts, breaking the circuit and stopping the flow of electricity. This prevents damage to the components and wiring, acting as a safeguard for the electrical system.
3.
Fuse rating = I*125%
= 10*125%
= 12.5 A
Recommended fuse rating should be 12.5A
4.
Load P = 500W
Formula for load P = V*I
Voltage (Hint) V = 12V
Then, current I = P/V
= 500/12
= 41.67
Battery capacity = Current * Time (Assume that the load runs for a time of around 3 hours)
= 41.67*3
= 125Ah
So, for a load of 500W, and a battery having a voltage of 12V need to power the load for 3 hours. Then the recommended battery capacity would be 125Ah.
5.
Head lights and horns
By using parallel connection, they can be operated independently. It allows multiple electrical components to share same voltage source while maintaining independent functionality.
6.
Ignition switch and ignition coil
The series connection ensure that the ignition coil receives power from the battery only when the ignition switch is in the ON position, preventing constant power flow and potential issues.