Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1) Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.
- Battery
- Starter
- Ignition coil
- Breaker
- Ammeter
- Fuse
- Current and voltage regulator
- Foot selector switch
- Generator
- Grounding
- Scaled beam
- junction block
- Gas tank unit
2) Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.
1) Battery
Purppose of a battery:
A battery is a device that store the chemical energy and its converted into electical energy. A battery is consist a set of cells that conncted in series or parallel condition.A chemical reaction in a battery that involve a flow of electron from one electode to another electrode by an external circuit. A flow of electron that provides an electric current that can be used to do work.
Working of a battery:
The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. This results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. The electrons wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons.
In a battery, the only place to go is to the cathode. But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the cathode. The electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit.
2) Generator:
Purpose:
The generators are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They do this by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electrons from the external source through an electrical circuit.
Working:
Generators are basically coils of electric conductors, normally copper wire, that is tightly wound onto a metal core and is mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets. An electric conductor moves through a magnetic field, the magnetism will interface with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electrical current inside it.
The conductor coil and its core are called the armature, connecting the armature to the shaft of a mechanical power source.
The point when the generator armature first starts to turn, then there is a weak magnetic field in the iron pole shoes. As the armature turns, it starts to raise the voltage. Some of this voltage is making on the field windings through the generator regulator. This impressive voltage builds up a stronger winding current, raises the strength of the magnetic field.
The expanded field produces more voltage in the armature. This, in turn, makes more current in the field windings, with a resultant higher armature voltage. At this time the signs of the shoes depended on the direction of flow of current in the field winding. The opposite signs will give the current to flow in the wrong direction.
3)Breaker:
Purpose:
A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault.
Working:
There are two essential contacts in a circuit breaker, and they are:
- Fixed contacts
- Moving contacts
When the circuit is closed, which is a normal condition, the contacts touch each other and carry the current under this condition. Under a closed circuit breaker, current-carrying contacts are known as electrodes that engage each other due to the pressure of a spring.
The switching and maintenance of the system are taken care of by either opening or closing the arms of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is opened by applying pressure to the trigger. When there is a faulty current flowing through any part of the system, the trip coil of the breaker gets energized thereby moving away from each other, thus opening the circuit.
3) If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Given data:
Current = 10A
Voltage = 12V
Answer:
Power = V*I
= 12*10
= 120watts
Fuse Rating is 25% More than actual Power Rating
so,
power for fuse rating = 120*1.25
= 150watts
I = P/V
= 150/12
= 12.5amps
so, the fuse rate of 10A load is 12.5A
4) If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Given data:
power = 500W
Voltage = 12V
Solution:
Current = Power/voltage
= 500/12
= 41.67A
Capacity= current * time (1hr)
=41.67 * 1
= 41.67Ah
so, 41.67Ah capacity of the battery is recommended for this load.
5) Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
In the given above diagram the generator with current and viltage regulator are connected in parallel. if the generator and the regulator is connected in parallel then there is a same differential of potential voltage flow in accros there ends.
6) Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
In the above given diagram a Battery and Starter are connected in series. The battery is connected in series with high voltage it improves the drivability and the energy efficiency. the starter connencted in series with battery because same current flow through them.