Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1.

Major Elements in the above automotive Diagram are,

1. Battery.
2. Starter Motor.
3. Ignition Coil.
4. Current and Voltage Regulator.
5. Generator.
6. Distributor.
7. Breaker.
8. Lights and Light Switches (Stop light, Indicator Light, Headlight, Tail / Stop Light, Plate Light, Scaled Beam,Beam Light, Instrument Light, Dome Light and Parking Lamp).
9. Fuse.
10. Horn and Horn Button.
11. Gas Tank Unit.
12. Ignition Switch.
13. Foot Selector Switch.
14. Ammeter.
15. Fuel Guage.
16. Horn.
17. Junction Block
18. Ignition Switch

Q2.

1. Battery

• A battery is a collection of cells.
• The chemical reaction Occuring in a Cells of a Battery resullt in the flow of electricity in a circuit.
• The First Battery was invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800.
• A battery stores energy and supply DC voltage.
• There are two types of battery.
• Primary Battery (It is the Battery which is one time use) and Secondary Battery (It is Rechargable Battery).
• In automobile secondary battery are widely use.
• It charging is done using Generator System.
• Battery Current/Voltage is used to run electronic features in automobile.

2. Starter Motor

• The Function of a starter motor is to start the engine by cranking.
• Generally in automobile DC motor is used.
• Which is connected to one way gear.
• One way gear is mounted on crankshaft and Engine gets started.
• Generally Motor rotation and Engine running rotation (when started) direction is different to increase the life of Motor.

3. Ignition Coil

• The function of Ignition coil is to step up voltage.
• Generally battery provide 12 V supply, But it is not sufficient to create spark in the Spark plug.
• The Spark plug generally Require 18000 to 24000 V to create Spark.
• The Ignition coil step ups the input from 12 V to 18000-24000 V and then supplied to Spark Plug.

4.Current and Voltage Regulator (RR unit)

• Generally RR unit is Used.
• The funtion of RR unit is Regulate and Rectify the Current.
• It Converts AC Voltage to DC Voltage.
• Also It Regulate the supplied Voltage according to Design.
• Then the voltage is supplied to the Battery.

5.Generator

• Generator is generally provided in automobile to Genarate electric current
• This current the supplied to the battery and then distributed throughout the system
• This unit genarally consist of Stator winding, Magnet and Pick up coil
• It Generally uses permanent magnet

Q3.

• If the total load on a battery is 10A, Then we should use 10A Fuse.
• If we use more than 10 A then if some short circuit created and start consuming current it could damage the circuit or cause accident
• Therefore, for Total load of 10A on a battery. We should use 10A Rated Fuse.

Q4.

Given:

1. Load = 500 W

To Find:

1. Battery Voltage and Capacity.

Solution:

Assume, The Battery Voltage is 12 V.

Then, Battery Capacity is

Battery Capacity = P / V

Battery Capacity = 500/12

Battery Capacity = 41.67 A.

Q5.

• Scaled Beam (High and low beam of Headlight) and Horn of Left and right side are connected in parallel connection.
• Because, When the switch or Button is pressed they should operate simultaneously.
• For example, If headlight is turn on both the front light should on at the same time.
• The horn also operate at a same time to create more noise.

Q6.

1. The generator and The current & Voltage Regulator are connected in series beacuse when current is produced it should directly go to Current & Voltage Regulator.
2. Horn Button and Horn are Connected in Series because when button is pressed the current should go to Horn.