Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Project : -

Question : 1

The major elements in the give automotive wiring diagram are

1.Generator

2.Battery

3.Ignition coil

4.Starter

5.Current and Voltage regulator

6.Ignition coil

7.Breaker

8.Foot selector switch

9.Gas tank unit

10.Junction block

Question : 2

1.Generator : -

Purpose : Generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and used for power generation, transmission and distribution over power line to domestic commercial and industrial customer.

Working : Generator works on the principle of paraday's law of electromagnetic induction. A paraday's law states that whenever A conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF is induced.

2.Battery : -

Purpose : Battery is essentially huge power reserve,initially tasked with supplying necessary juice to the vehicle starting motor which cranks the engine to life with each push of the starter button. Battery is a device that stores chemical energy and convert into electrical energy.Battery is the main power source for EVs.

Working : A battery is coupled to an external circuit to accept and release energy. Electron moves through the circuit while simultaneously ions move through the electrolyte. In a rechargeable battery, electrons and ions can move either direction through the circuit and electrolyte.

3.Distributor : -

Purpose : A distributor is a conductor from which tapping are taken for supply to the consumer. The current to a distributor is not a constant because tappings are taken at various place along it's length.

Working : Distributor is tasked with receiving high voltage from the ignition coil to spark the individual spark plug in proper firing sequence. The distributor acts as a spinner ensuring that spark is continuously distributed to each spark plug

4.Ignition coil : -

Purpose : The ignition coil acts like a transformer by means of two coil, one inside the other, the ignition coil transforms the electrical energy from the vehicle battery into high voltage, saves it briefly and then emits it as a high voltage current pulse to the spark plug.

Working :

1.When the ignition switch is on the current through the primary winding starts to flow, this creates magnetic field in the iron core and around it.

2.As contact breaks in the contact breaker the primary current collapses. This also collapse the magnetic field in the core. This sudden breaking of magnetic field induce a very high voltage across the secondary winding.

3.This high voltage then is transformed to the spark plug through the ignition distributor to produce spark for the ignition.

Question : 3

Total load is 10 A from battery, then the fuse rating will be 135% of the load value.

(135/100) x 10 = 13.5 A. So we can choose the next standard size. That is 15A

Result : Power rating is 15 A

Question : 4

Given datum : -

Load = 500 W

To recommend : -

Battery voltage

Battery capacity

Solution : -

Battery voltage is 12 V taken from hint

Battery capacity, Ah

So we should calculate current from P = VI

I = (P/V)

I = 500/12

I = 41.66 A

Battery capacity, Ah = 41.66 x 1 = 41.66 Ah or 41660 mAh ..... For 1 hour

41.66 x 2 = 83.32 Ah or 83320 mAh .... For 2 hours

Result : Battery voltage is 12V and battery capacity is 41600 mAh for 1 hr and 83320 mAh for 2 hrs like that

Question : 5

Plate light and tail stop are connected in parallel, why they are in parallel connection means both can get required power from distribution.

Question : 6

Battery and starter are connected in series connection, starter gets energy directly from battery, starter starts generator and mainly used to reduce high initial current to armature to protect from high current to armature may affect armature. So armature limited current will be obtained from starter.