Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
Que No. 1
Ans:- The major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram are as follows-
1) Battery
2) Starter
3) Circuit breaker
4) Distributor
5) Current and voltage regulator
6) Generator
7) Ammeter
8) Fuse
Que No. 2
Ans:-
1) Battery-
Purpose: The battery is a device which stores chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy.
Working: Batteries has mainly three parts, An Anode (-), A Cathode (+), and an electrolyte. The cathode and anode are connected to a electrical circuit. The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. this results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. then electrons try to move to another end.but the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects anode and cathode) the electrons will be able to get the cathode. this is the one way describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit.
However these electrochemical process chnage the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electrons. So there is a limited amount of power available in battery. When you recharge a battery, you change the direction of flow of electrons using another power source, such as solar panels.the ecelctrochemical processes happens in reverse, and the anode and cathode are restored to their original state and can again provide full power.
2) Circuit Breaker-
Purpose: A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by over current, overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault.
Working: There are two essential contacts in circuit breaker. They are as follows:
Fixed contacts
Moving contacts
When the circuit closed, which is a normal condition, the contacts touch each other and carrry current under this condition. Under a closed circuit breaker, current carrying contacts are known as electrodes that engage each other due to the presence of a spring.
The switching and maintenance of the system are taken care of by either opening or closing the arms of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is opened by applying pressure to the trigger. when there is a faulty current flowing through any part of the system, the trip coil of the breaker gets energized thereby moving away from each other, thus opening the circuit.
3)Generator-
Purpose: Generator is a device which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Working: Generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of permanent magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as armature. The armature is connected to a shaft of mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated. The mechanical energy can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc. or via renewable energy sources such as wind turbine, water turbine,solar powered turbine, etc. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which present between the two poles of the magnet. The magnetic field will inteface with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.
Que No. 3
Ans:
Que No.4
Ans:
Que No. 5
Ans: 1. Generator
2. Current and voltage regulator
As per the above circuit diagram, Generator with current and voltage regulator are connected in parallel.
If two or more components are connected in parallel, they have the same potential voltage difference across their ends.
Que No. 6
Ans: Battery- Connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency.
Starter- Starter connected in series with battery because same current flows through them.