Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
Q NO 1.
Ans: Major Elements in the above automotive wiring diagram are:
1) Generator
2) Current & Voltage regulator
3)Ammeter
4)Battery
5)Starter
6) circuit breaker
7) Distributor.
Q No 2
Ans:
1) Generator:
Purpose: Generator is convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Working:
generator are work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A conductor coil (a copper coil tightly wound onto a metal core) is rotated rapidly between the poles of a permanent magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an armature. The armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy source such as a motor and rotated. The mechanical energy can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc. or via renewable energy sources such as a wind turbine, water turbine, solar-powered turbine, etc. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which present between the two poles of the magnet. The magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.
2)Battery:
Purpose: A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
Working: Batteries have three parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+), and the electrolyte. The cathode and anode are hooked up to an electrical circuit. The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. This results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. Then the electron try to move to another end.But the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the cathode.This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit. However, these electrochemical processes change the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electrons. So there is a limited amount of power available in a battery.
When you recharge a battery, you change the direction of the flow of electrons using another power source, such as solar panels. The electrochemical processes happen in reverse, and the anode and cathode are restored to their original state and can again provide full power.
3)Breaker:
Purpose: A circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault.
Working: There are two essential contacts in a circuit breaker, and they are:
Fixed contacts
Moving contacts
When the circuit is closed, which is a normal condition, the contacts touch each other and carry the current under this condition. Under a closed circuit breaker, current-carrying contacts are known as electrodes that engage each other due to the pressure of a spring.
The switching and maintenance of the system are taken care of by either opening or closing the arms of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is opened by applying pressure to the trigger. When there is a faulty current flowing through any part of the system, the trip coil of the breaker gets energized thereby moving away from each other, thus opening the circuit.
Q No. 3
Ans: Given Load I =10A Battery Voltage =12 V
We Know P = I x V
= 10 x 12
P = 120
Generaly we take the fuse rating is 20% to 25% more then actual power rating.
Power For Fuse rating = 120 * 1.25 =150
then Fuse power = I * V
I = P/V
=150/12
I = 12.5 A
Fuse Rating for 10A load Should be 12.5 A
Q No 4
Ans:
Given P = 500w V = 12V ( Recommended)
P = I*V
500 = I * 12
I = 41.67 A
Capacity = 41.67 x 1Hr = 41.67Ah
Recommend Battery capacity is 41.67 Ah
Q No 5
Ans: 1) Generator
2) Current and Voltage Regulator
2) Current and Voltage Regulator
As per the above image Generator with current voltage and regulator are connected in parallel, if two are more components are connected in parallel they have the same differential of potential voltage across their ends.
Q No 6.
Ans: Battery: Connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency.
Starter: Starter connected in series With Battery because same current Flows through them.