Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1) Battery, Starter, Generator, Distributor, Braker, Fuse, Light switch.

Q2)

1. Generator: Generator is machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy for use in external circuit. Electrical power generation is based on Faraday's law of mutual electromagnetic induction. Faraday’s law states that in electrical circuit moving so that it cuts magnetic lines of force, this causes EMF, which is proportional to the rate of lines of force are cut. These are used to produce electrical energy and there are 2fundamental types of Generators known as AC generator, DC generator.

2. Battery: A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another result flow of electricity in an external circuit. The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work. A battery is collection of cells. There are 2 types of Batteries 1) primary 2) secondary batteries.

Primary batteries are ‘single use’ batteries. E.g.: Dry cell(2-wheeler) Batteries, alkaline batteries.

Secondary Batteries are ‘Rechargeable batteries. E.g.: Lead acid batteries (used with Inverter at home), Li-Ion batteries (used in Mobiles, Laptops).

Breaker: Breaker is a safety device that designed to protect the appliances and wiring of the circuit by ceasing the flow of overflow of current. The basic function is to interrupt current flow to protect equipment and to prevent the risk of fire. E.g.: Moulded case circuit Breaker (MCCB), Miniature Circuit breaker (MCB), Earth leakage circuit Breaker (ELCB) etc.

4. Starter: A starter is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation under its own power. Starters can be electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic. The starter works on the fact that the torque is proportional to the square of the starting current, which in turn is proportional to the applied voltage.

Q3) Fuse is the self-destructive protection device which is widely used in the electrical and electronic circuit. There are different types of fuses available in the market and they are cartridge fuses, automotive fuses, resettable fuses/polyfuse, high voltage fuses, Rewireable fuses, Striker fuse, Switch fuse, HRC (High Rupture Current) fuses etc.

Fuse rating is equal to ‘n’ times of the full Load current.

Normally n = 1.25 and for high starting current applications n = 1.5.

For the transformer, the fuse rating is equal to the two times of the full load current. Fuse rating in Amps = 2 x Full load current.

For the lighting circuit, the fuse current rating should be minimum 2 times the full load current.

So, the fuse ratting = 2*total load current =2*10 =20A.

Q4) Load = 500w but we calculate the for more than 500w watts like 1.2times for safety purpose.

So total load = 1.2*500 = 600watts

And the hint given Battery voltage =12V

So current = 600/12 = 50A required per hour. So, we need to select battery 12V, 50Ah Battery. Also, we can take 12v, 25Ah-2Nos batteries, 12V ,10Ah-5Nos batteries availability in the market.

Q5) Voltmeter. Generator, Current & voltage regulator are connected in parallel because same voltage applied to both components.

Q6) Battery and ammeter are connected in series because to maintain the same current flow through the both components.