Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.There are many elements represented in this automotive wiring circuit amongst which some of the elements are listed below.The element have been divided into three main categories:-

a) Power systems

• The battery
• The starter
• The Generator

b)Control systems

• Ammeter
• Fuse
• Breaker
• Distributor
• Current and voltage regulator
• Junction block
• Ignition switch

c)Auxillary systems

• Ignition coil
• Gas thank unit
• Loads(lamps and lights)
• Switches and horns etc

2)Purpose and working of three components:-

a) The Generator: The machine which converts machanical energy into electrical energy is called generator, it is also known as alternator that serves the primary purpose of keeping the battery charged and infact the majority of the power generated by the alternator.It is driven by the crankshaft rotation using a belt drive system.Thealternator consists of a magnetic rotor and a stator that has wirings wound on it,it generates electricity when the magnetic rotor rotates that magnetic field all together thereby inducing and emf in the stator coils produces current.

b) The battery:- The battery is regarded as the source of energy that acts as a reservoir that stores electrical energy. Battery to which the starter is connected cranks the engine in order to start from the ideal phase. It also supplies power to other electrical components when the engine is not running.

c)The starter:The starter is used in order to rotate the crank and start the engine from ideal condition,it initiates engine operation under its own power.It consists of DC motor and a solonoid that is directly connected to 12V battery of automotive system,the starter takes current directly from the battery and provides it to the powerful DC motor that in turn rotaes the crank thereby initiating the combustion process in the engine.

3)If the total load is 10A from the battery,the rating of safty fuse which must be provided must lie between 15-20A, as the rating of the fuse used must be bettween 150-200% of the original current value in which the battery works.The fuse thus act as safty device that avoid any harm to the circuit in case of any current surge or irregularities.

4.Given:

power load(p):500W

voltage and capacity of battery recommended=?

w.k.t current(I): 10A

power(P)= current(I)*voltage(V)

V=P/I

Voltage(V)=500/10

Voltage(V)=50V

Now inorder to find capacity of the battery to be recommended as we have no specific time value we assume C rate to be 1, Thus the recommended battery will have a capacity of 10Amphr.

5.The components that are connected in parallel are:-

a) The voltage regulator:the part of the current through the voltage regulator,regulates the voltage.

b)The loads Horn,scalco beam,parking lamp are using a single connection through a junction block, these comonents are connected in parallel in order to provide same voltage across their terminals and to divide the current according to the requirement of respective components.

6. The components that are connected in series:-

a)The ammeter

b)The fuse

these componenets are connected in series,so that the same current value flows through these elements from the battery.