Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1)Major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram are :

• ignition coil
• battery
• starter
• fuse
• ammeter
• current and voltage regulator
• generator
• gas tank unit
• dome light switch
• scaled beam
• parking lamp
• horn
• light switch

2)explaining three elements briefly:

Battery :

• A battery is the collection of cells.
• Cell consist of anode ,cathode and electrolyte .Also cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
• Battery was first introduced by alessandro volta in 1800.
• Battery is of two types namely, primary battery and secondary battery
• Primary batteries are not rechargable and they are used in remote ,toys etc.
• Secondary batteries are rechargable and they are used in mobile phones and automoblies.
• key termenologies used in batteries are,1)state of charge 2)rated voltage 3)capacity 4)c rate 5)cutoff voltage 6)cycle life 7)deep cycle 8)specific energy 9)specific power 10)power density 11)energy density
• Charging techniques in battery are 1)constant current 2)constant voltage 3)constant temperature 4)pulse charge.

Starter :

Starter motor is used to turn the engine on by attaching with the pinion gear.After the engine starts to run the starter disengage with the engine and magnetic field stops.Mainly these starter motor are very important in the cold area where the temperature is low.

Ammeter :

Ammeter is the measuring instrument used to measure the current in the circuit.Ammeter is usely connected in series in a circuit.Electric current are measured in ampere(A).

3) SOLUTION :

Normally the fuse rating is always higher than the rated current in order to avoid any collision in circuit and rated voltage is always higher than the applied voltage of the material.So, for the 10A load it is better to use 15A of fuse respectively.

4) SOLUTION :

Given load = 500 w

energy = power * time

= 500 * 24

energy

consumed in

one day = 12000whr

Consider the battery voltage as = 24V

battery capacity(Ah) = Whr/ voltage

= 12000/24

= 500Ah

5)Elements connected in parallel

Tail stop and dome light are connected in parallel because they have same potential difference across their ends.The potential difference across the component are same in magnitude,and they also have identical polarities.

6)Elements connected in series

Ammeter and fuse are connected in series because ammeter is used to measure the current flowing through the circuit,and also it has low resistance.So it is connected in series. Whereas the fuse is connected in series because when fuse melts ,it break down the entire circuit and no current will be flow.