Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM: To create a 3D rendered model of the residential building with a rendered view

INTRODUCTION: The main objective of the project is to create the plan in two dimension, then convert it into 3D using AutoCAD 3D and rendering.

AutoCAD is highly used for deriving 2D sketches. But it is possible to create 3D models in AutoCAD 3D. It is a three-dimensional computer-aided design, is technology for design and technical documentation, which replaces manual drafting. The UCS icon gives the orientation of the user coordinate system(UCS) axes and the location of the current UCS origin. It also represents the current viewing direction relative to the XY plane. AutoCAD displays the UCS icon differently for 2D, 3D and paper space. We can use dynamic UCS to create objects on a planar face of 3D solid without manually changing the UCS orientation.

There are so many predefined solids, wedges, cylinders, spheres and many more. There are so many commands like sweep, extrude, presspull,subtract, union,etc are used. We have to access different views and save that views for further needs. We have to include different types of materials in the created models and rendered.

COMMANDS:

2D-TOOLS

• UNIT
• LIMITS
• LAYER
• LINE
• X-LINE
• RECTANGLE
• POLYGON
• CIRCLE
• MIRROR
• EXTEND
• TRIM
• OFFSET
• FILLET
• ARRAY
• COPY
• MOVE
• ROTATE
• ERASE
• TEXT
• DIMENSION

3D-TOOLS

• UCS
• BOX
• EXTRUDE
• REVOLVE
• POLYSOLID
• PRESSPULL
• UNION
• SUBTRACT
• INTERSECT
• SLICE
• SWEEP
• RENDERING
• MATERIALS
• CAMERA
• SUNLIGHT

EXTRUDE- Allows to create a 3D object by extruding the face along a path.

DRAW> MODELLING> EXTRUDE

SWEEP- Allows to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the begining of the path

UNION- Two region become one and have to extruded

PRESSPULL- We have to pull the surface using this tool

SUBTRACT- The command work when there is a common area in both the objects. The command subtracts the larger objects to smaller objects

RENDERING- Creating a raster image based on 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene.

OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of the project is to understand and working with all the tools in the AutoCAD 2D and 3D

• To create the plan of the residential building using AutoCAD 2D
• Convert the 2D plan to 3D residential drawing
• Designing and placing the doors and windows
• Adding different colours and materials to the each elements of the building
• Rendering

PROCEDURE:

1) To create the plan of the residential building in AutoCAD 2D

• Open the AutoCad new file
• Command units and set the unit to decimal and meter
• Set the limits, lower limit and upper limit so that we have to work on it suitably
• Command layer and create the different layers like 2D WALL, 2D door, 2D window text, dimensions etc,
• Select Xline and draw the X-line horizontally and vertically
• Make the corner of the wall and offset the wall thickness
• Offset the required dimensions horizontally and vertically to get the rooms as per our needs.
• Complete the building using offset, copy , fillet etc
• Create the blocks for windows and doors and place it in the desired location
• Command dimlinear and dimcontinue to dimensioning each rooms and the whole building
• Command mtext and create the nametag for each rooms

• Similarly create the first floor plan and second floor plan

2) Convert the 2D plan to 3D by extruding the walls

• Select 3D modelling from the settings
• Command 3dorbit to view the object in different faces
• Turn off layers except the wall layer
• Command join and join the lines
• Command ext to get the extrude tool and press enter, give the height as 4m

• In the place of doors and windows provide rectangle and extrude the height of sill level for windows and extrude downwards to get the window portions empty and other wall portions are to be created

• Command pline and draw the pline from the outer building and extrude it in 0.60m and place it in the bottom of wall to get the plinth hei
• Command union and select the complete drawing to single entity

2) Designing and placing doors and windows

• Create the outline for the wall by rectangle command and offset it to get the window frame, window mullions and panel.
• CReate the regions and use subtract command to create the outer frame region and similarly create the each layer of window
• Extrude the window frame by 75mm , mullions by 30mm glass by 15mm
• Create the windows of and ventilators of different sizes

• Create the door frame and door panel by command rectangle
• create the regions and subtract command to get the door frame
• Also crete the region for dooe panel
• Extrude the door frame by 75mm and door panel by 50mm
• Crete the different types of doors for main door, bedroom doors and toilet doors
• Place the doors in the appropriate position

• To create the first floor slab pline command and draw the pline the inner side of the outer wall
• extrude the wall thickness by 15mm

• Copy the model except the plinth and place it in the first and second floor

• Create polyline line by drawing outerlayer and innerlayer of the wall
• Command region and crete the parapet wall by extruding a height of 1m

• For creating steps draw rectangles in the step. Extrude the first one of height 0.15m, second one 0.3m, third one 0.45 m and 4th one 0.60m
• Command union and select the whole entity to give a single one

4)Adding different colours and materials to the each elements of the building

• From material browser we have to assign different types of materials and colours to the different properties of the object
• Command material mapping

• Command camera and specify the location, height, lens etc

• Use render command and render with environment exposure or not

RESULT: A residential of three floors was designed and rendered as shown in the figure