Project 2

Aim : Design and Develop a simulink model to understand Energy analysis of EVs on different driving cycles

Objective : Study different driving cycles.

Introduction :

Driving Cycle -

The term refers to a test that measures vehicle speed over time. It is used to evaluate a car's fuel consumption and pollutants emissions in a standardized way to compare similar vehicles. The driving cycle is carried out on a chassis dynamometer, where tailpipes automobile emissions are collected and analyzed to assess emission.

A driving cycle commonly represents a set of vehicle speed points versus time. It is used to assess fuel consumption and pollutants emissions of a vehicle in a normalized way, so that different vehicles can be compared. The driving cycle is performed on a chassis dynamometer, where tailpipes emissions of the vehicle are collected and analyzed to assess the emissions rates.

Different types of driving cycles -

There are two kinds of driving cycles, the modal cycles as the European standard NEDC, or Japanese 10-15 Mode, and the transient cycles as the FTP-75 or Artemis cycle. The main difference is that modal cycles are a compilation of straight acceleration and constant speed periods and are not representative of real driver behavior, whereas transient cycles involve many speed variations, typical of on-road driving conditions.

1) European Driving Cycle -

The NEDC is used as a reference cycle for homologating vehicles until the Euro6 norm in Europe and some other countries. It is made of an urban part called ECE, which is repeated four times, and an extra-urban part, the EUDC.

2)The Artemis driving cycle - Urban, Rural & Highway

This cycle is based on a statistical study done in Europe within the so-called Artemis project. It is made of 3 different configurations, plus an additional variant: the urban cycle, the rural one, the motorway at 130 km/h, and the motorway at 150 km/h.

Simulink Model -

Drive cycle source:

The Drive Cycle Source block generates a standard or user-specified longitudinal drive cycle. The block output is the specified vehicle longitudinal speed, which you can use to: Predict the engine torque and fuel consumption that a vehicle requires to achieve desired speed and acceleration for a given gear shift reference.

Signal builder: The Signal Builder block allows you to create interchangeable groups of piecewise linear signal sources and use them in a model. You can quickly switch the signal groups into and out of a model to facilitate testing.

Subsystem - E-Bike with longitudinal driver block

Here used the main block is the longitudinal driver block

The Longitudinal Driver block implements a longitudinal speed-tracking controller. Based on reference and feedback velocities, the block generates normalized acceleration and braking commands that can vary from 0 through 1

Subsystem of E-Bike -

Drive cycles are typically used to assess vehicle performance parameters, perform system sizing and perform accelerated testing on a test bed or a virtual test environment, hence reducing the expenses on-road tests. This study is an attempt to design a relatively robust process to generate a real-world drive cycle.

• To assess the performance of a vehicle (fuel economy, emission tests)
• To analyze battery state and energy consumption in Electric Vehicles
• To simulate the vehicle model prior to the actual development

Conclusion:-

On average, it takes 30 to 60 minutes to complete the driving cycle. However, it may vary depending on the type of driving being done, how long it takes to reach the required speed limit, and how many stops are made. How many miles does the Driving Cycle cover? The driving cycle covers about 50 to 100 miles in total.