Project 2

• Robotic surgery, also called robot-assisted surgery, allows doctors to perform many types of complex procedures with more precision, flexibility and control than is possible with conventional techniques.
• Robotic surgery is usually associated with minimally invasive surgery — procedures performed through tiny incisions. It is also sometimes used in certain traditional open surgical procedures.
• The most widely used clinical robotic surgical system includes a camera arm and mechanical arms with surgical instruments attached to them.
• The surgeon controls the arms while seated at a computer console near the operating table.
• The console gives the surgeon a high-definition, magnified, 3D view of the surgical site.
• The surgeon leads other team members who assist during the operation.

ROBOTIC KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY :

• Compared to conventional open kidney transplant surgery, a much smaller incision (about 7cm) is made in robotic assisted kidney transplantation to remove the diseased kidney and insert the donor kidney into the abdomen.
• and then to stitch the blood vessels and the ureter. Another four or five small (0.5 to 1cm) incisions are used to insert the instruments into the abdomen.
• One of the arms holds a high magnification 3D camera which is inserted into the abdomen through one of the key holes and provides a high-definition, magnified (12×), 3-D view of the surgical site.
• The other mechanical arms have surgical instruments attached to it that are designed to mimic the movement of the human hands and wrists.
• The surgeon uses the console of the computer to manipulate the small surgical instruments that are more flexible and manoeuvrable as compared to the human hand.

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

• Surgeon console : surgeon sits at the console, controlling the instruments while viewing your anatomy in high-definition 3D.
• Patient Cart : Positioned alongside the bed, the patient cart holds the camera and instruments that the surgeon controls from the console.
• Vision Cart : The vision cart makes communication between components possible and supports the 3D high-definition vision system.

BENIFIT :

• Fewer complications, such as surgical site infection
• Less pain and blood loss
• Shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery
• Smaller, less noticeable scars

RISK :

• Robotic surgery involves risk, some of which may be similar to risks of conventional open surgery,
• such as a small risk of infection and other complications.

the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative steps taken to ensure a successful surgery :

• preoperative :

• Finding a match Of kidney
• various type of blood taste

• perioperative :

• Kidney transplants are performed with general anesthesia, so you're not awake during the procedure.
• surgical team monitors your heart rate, blood pressure and blood oxygen level throughout the procedure.

• postoperative :

• Spend several days to a week in the hospital.
• Have frequent checkups as you continue recovering
• ake medications the rest of your life

the advantages of robotic kidney transplant surgery over open kidney transplant surgery :

• The robot replicates the surgeon’s hand movements, while minimizing hand tremors. The surgeon thus can not only make use of his/her experience and skills, but also operate with precision, dexterity and control in complex procedures.
• Especially useful when the operative field is deep and narrow, and requires fine dissection and micro suturing.