Challenge

Project 1

A patient monitoring system is used to monitor physiological signals.
It calculates ECG, respiration, blood pressure, and body temperature, among other things.
Care for the critically ill patient necessitates prompt and accurate decision making in order to administer life-saving therapy as needed.
Generally, ICU requires a computer system for patient monitoring.
In patient monitoring system sensors and electrodes used for receiving physiological signals human’s body.

ECG : An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple test that can be used to check the rhythm and electrical activity of your heart.
Pulse oximeter : measurement of the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in the blood in comparison to the amount of haemoglobin that does not carry oxygen.
Blood Pressure (invasiv/Non-invasiv) : Blood pressure is the force of blood against the arteries.
Body Temperature : Normal temperature of the Body The average normal body temperature is thought to be 98.6°F (37°C).
Heart rate : Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time. Usually heart rate is expressed as beats per minute (BPM).
Pulse rate : pulse rate is the number of times the blood flows from the capillaries that are caused due to the contractions in a minute.
Respiration rate : Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute.

ECG : Ecg acquisition sensor is called ecg lead and skin electrode and also heart rate and respiration rate is acquired from these sensor.

OXYGEN SATURATION IN BLOOD (SPO2): SPO2 acquistion sensor is called spo2 probe and spo2 mesurment teqnic based on IR light detection. and pulse rate is also acqired from the spo2 probe.

Block diagram of patient monitor is consist various pre amplifier,signal conditiong circuit ,microprocessor,diplay and speaker ,keybord ,data storage module,data tarnsmission module and power supply
pre amplifiers is amplify data of acquired from the patient side.
after signal conditiong part is used for filter data and noise reduction and analog to digital conversion.
microprocessor is control all over the process and also display the data on display,resive input from the key bord and store data and transmit the data.
power supply bord is provide power supply to patient monitor.

In central monitoring, the measured values are displayed and recorded at a central station.
In cental monitoring system all bed side monitor data are displayed in cental dispaly.
The central station monitoring equipment may incorporate a multi-microprocessor architecture to display a flexible mixture of smooth waveforms, alphanumerics and graphics on a Dispaly or monitor.
This presents all the information at a glance and thus assists the hospital staff in
it generates audible and visual alarms if preset vital sign limits are exceeded.
It is important that the central station announces these emergencies without generating too many false alarms, arising due to patient movements, etc. Secondly, it displays the patient’s vital sign data.
By watching this data, the attending staff can detect problems before they reach the alarm stage.

The Monitor gives AUDIBLE and VISUAL alarms to indicate the medical staff,when vital sign of patient is abnormal or mechanical or electrical problem occur in the monitor.
patient monitor alarm is classify in two categories :

Technical alarms : technical alarms also triggered by a device malfunction or electrical and mechanical problems.
physiological alarms : Physiological alarm triggered when patient's vital sign is abnormal.

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