Project-1: Powertrain for aircraft in runways

Part A:

1. Search and list out the total weight of various types of aircrafts. 

2. Is there any difference between ground speed and air speed?

3. Why is it not recommended to use aircraft engine power to move it on the ground at Airport? 

4. How an aircraft is pushed to runway when its ready to take off?

5. Learn about take off power, tyre design, rolling resistance, tyre pressure, brake forces when landing.                                                                                

Part B:

6. A. With necessary assumptions, calculate the force and power required to push / pull an aircraft by a towing vehicle. 

    B. Develop the model for the calculated force and power using Simulink.

7. A. Design an electric powertrain with type of motor, it’s power rating, and energy requirement to fulfill aircraft towing application in Simulink. Estimate the duty cycle range to control the aircraft speed from zero to highest. Make all required assumptions. Prepare a table of assumed parameters. Draw a block diagram of powertrain.

ans1

air craft total gross weight is total aircraft weight during flying and ground operation.aircraft gross weight is reducing in a flight due to fuel consumption. it can also reduced due to payload dropping.various types of aircraft are:

*maximumdesign taxi weight(MDTW)-IT IS WEIGHT which cetificated can be  manoeuvering in ground movement.limited by aircraft strength and airworthiness.

*maximum design takeoff weighth(MDTOW)-it is maximum weight which is cerficated for flight operation when brakes are released.

*maximum design landing weight(MDLW)-maximum weight which aircraft is certificated to meet the landing requirement.it depends on landing gear strength or  landing impact load. MDLW should not exceed MDTOW.

* MAXIMUM DESIGN ZERO FUEL WEIGHT(MDZFW)-maximum air craft weight in which fuel or usable fluids are subtracted from its maximum weight.MDZFW IS LIMITED by strenghth and airworthiness requirements.

*mimumum flight weight-it is limited by strenghth and airworthiness.

*total weight of air craft  is equal to aircraft's emty weight+payload

*aircraft empty weight is eqhal to aircraft weight+all fuel and usable liquid.

*payload-total fuel load+passenger weight+luggage weight

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ans2- air speed is the which is rquired to overcome to move air craft against air drag. air speed is relative to aflowing air speed.whereas ground speed which is the speed of aircraft on the ground. air craft moving vetically have zero ground speed.

*aircraft operates in ground and in air also.both air and air speed is considered.

*it depends of wind components.\

*if no wind air speed is equal to ground speed.

*garvity plays a important role in deciding air speed.

ans3-

taxing is aircraft movement in ground aroun its own power. towing or push back when aircraft moves by a tug.aircraft moves on own wheels it incude aircraft with its skis or float.aircraft uses taxiways to from one place to another in airport.

ans4- when aircraft is ready with all passenges aircraft is push back with external power from air ports maingate to back wards. air craft always moves with in yellow lines with building and runaways.taxing motion has a speed limits.when a turn comes pilot reduces the speed to prevent skid.aircraft takeoff and landing has higher priorities other aircrafts has to wait.thurst to move aircraft comes from its propeller or jet engines.steering is done for nose wheel or tail wheel.use of engine thurst is limited.

*push back is carried wiyh special vehicles like push back tractors.

*they have enormous torque to push back.

* they are designed to provide extra torque.

ans5.