Project-1: Powertrain for aircraft in runways

1. Search and list out the total weight of various types of aircrafts.

A cargo aircraft (also known as freight aircraft, freighter, airlifter or cargo jet) is a fixed wing aircraft that is designed or converted for the carriage of cargo rather than passengers. Such aircraft usually do not incorporate passenger amenities and generally feature one or more large doors for loading cargo. Freighters may be operated by civil passenger or cargo by private individuals or by the armed force of individual countries.

Aircraft designed for cargo flight usually have features that distinguish them from conventional passenger aircraft: a wide/tall fuselage cross-section, a highwing to allow the cargo area to sit near the ground, numerous wheels to allow it to land at unprepared locations, and a high-mounted tail to allow cargo to be driven directly into and off the aircraft.

some of the examples for cargo type planes and their weights are

Agricultural aircraft:

An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use – usually aerial application of pestiides or fertilizer in these roles they are referred to as "crop dusters" or "top dressers". Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding.

The most common agricultural aircraft are fixed wing, such as the air tractors but helicopters are also used.

Generally agricultural aircraft have piston or turboprop engines.

with fully loaded

fighter aircraft:

Fighter aircraft are fixed wing designed primarily for air to air combat In military conflict, the role of fighter aircraft is to establish of the battle space. Domination of the airspace above a battlefield permits bombers and attack aircraft to engage in tactical and bombing of enemy targets.

The key performance features of a fighter include not only its firepower but also its high speed and manevarubility relative to the target aircraft. The success or failure of a combatant's efforts to gain air superiority hinges on several factors including the skill of its pilots, the tactical soundness of its doctrine for deploying its fighters, and the numbers and performance of those fighters.

glider:

A glider is a fixed wing that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine.^[1] Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off self launch.

glider aircraft weight

airship:

An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air.

airship weight with fuel and equipemt is comes to around 10000kgs

(2)

Air speed is how fast the aircrft is moving thorugh the air.

Ground speed is how fast the aircraft is moving over the ground.

The difference is that the air is moving. An aircraft with an airspeed of 100mph going the same direction as a flow of air moving 50mph has a ground speed of 150 mph. If the same aircraft makes a 180 degree turn and heads directly into the wind, the airspeed stays at 100mph but the grounspeed drops to 50 mph.

Same rules apply to all aircraft, private, commercial, or military.

(3)

Towing

The forward movement of an aircraft, usually with engines off, using the power of a specialised ground vehicle attached to or supporting the nose landing gear. It may occur for the movement of both in service and out of service aircraft. This will affect the promulgation of procedures and the required qualification for those occupying the flight crew seats on the aircraft during the manoeuvre. As part of out of service repositioning of aircraft supervised by maintenance personnel, it may follow the pushback from a nose-in gate of an empty aircraft with engines off.

although most of the aircraft move backwards,but most of time they are not used due to

• the jet blast from the engine can damage the terminal building and any near by equipment even it can throw people away near by.
• engines can blow sand and debris
• sand can enter into the engines which causes engine damage
• it is easier to truck driver to lookaround the airport than pilot sitting in cockpit with limited windows.
• truck driver knows well about the airport than the pilot.
• people sitting in the terminal or in airport will get loud engines noises when more aeroplanes are starting their engines

(4)

Taxing

taxiing is the movement of aircraft on the ground,under its own power.in contrast to towing or pushback where the aircraft is moved by a tug.An airplane uses taxiways to taxi from one place on an airport to another; for example, when moving from a hangar to the runway.

When taxiing, aircraft travel slowly. This ensures that they can be stopped quickly and do not risk wheel damage on larger aircraft if they accidentally turn off the paved surface. Taxi speeds are typically 30 to 35 km/h.

(5) take off:

A normal takeoff is one in which the airplane is headed into the wind; there are times that a takeoff with a tail wind is necessary. However, the pilot must consult the POH/AFM to ensure the aircraft is approved for a takeoff with a tail
wind and that there is sufficient performance and runway length for the takeoff. Also, the takeoff surfaces are firm
and of sufficient length to permit the airplane to gradually accelerate to normal lift-off and climb-out speed, and there
are no obstructions along the takeoff path.
There are two reasons for making a takeoff as nearly intothe wind as possible. First, since the airplane depends on
airspeed, a headwind provides some of that airspeed even before the airplane begins to accelerate into the wind. Second,
a headwind decreases the ground speed necessary to achieve flying speed. Slower ground speeds yield shorter ground rolldistances and allow use of shorter runways while reducing wear and stress on the landing gear.

tyre design:

When it comes to safety, tyres are one of the most important components of aircraft. They help to absorb the shock of landing and provide cushioning. It also provides the necessary traction for braking and stopping of an aircraft.

An aircraft tyre is designed to withstand extremely heavy loads while landing, take off, taxing, and parking. The number of wheels required for aircraft increases with the weight of the aircraft, as the weight of the aeroplane needs to be distributed more evenly.