Challenge

Project 1 - Parsing NASA thermodynamic data

Aim: To write a code in Matlab to parse the NASA thermodynamic data file and then calculate the thermodynamic properties of various gas speices.

Objective:

  1. To write  a function that extracts the 14 coefficients and calculates the enthalpy, entropy and specific heats for all speices in the NASA thermodynamic data file "Thermo.dat".

The NASA polynomials have the form as shown below:

where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temprature.

2.To calculate the molecular weight of each speices and display it in the command window.
3.To plot the Cp, enthalpy and entropy for the local temperature range (low temprature: high temprature) specific for each speicies.

4.To save the plots as images with suitable name automatically.

file parsing:

File parsing refers to how information can be read from a paricular text file or any type of file and how that information can be used in a computer program.

  • Step 1- Define the function.
  • Step 2- Create an Inputparser object.
  • Step 3- Add inputs to the scheme.
  • Step 4- Set properties to adjust prsing.
  • Step 5- Parse the inputs.
  • Step 6- Use the inputs in function.
  • Step 7- Calling function.

NASA Thermodynamic file

Thermo.dat file is a data file containing 14 coefficients for 53 different elements given by NASA. These coefficients are utilized to calculate the specific heat enthalpy and entropy for a particular element. Each element has its own range of local temprature. Below screenshot of the Thermo.dat file is displayed.

Enthalpy, Entropy and Specific heat:

Enthalpy,entropy and specific heat, of various species values at different tempratures are required extensively to analyze the thermodynamic process.

For example, if the combustion process is considered during this, these quantities are required to observe how the combustion is going on and how efficient it will be. It eventually allows seeking the scope of improvement in the process. Similarily in other processes like refrigration,air conditioning,chemical kinetics,nozzle flow,detonation process,etc. these quantities are widely involved to obseve the phenomenon.

NASA came up with polynomials for 1000+ species.

The NASA polynomials have the form :

where R is universal gas constant, T is the temprature and a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6 and a7 are the numerical coefficients supplied in the thermodynamic file. The First 7 coefficients are High- temprature coefficients (above 1000 k) and the second 7 coefficients are Low - temprature coefficients (below 1000 k).

Coding functions:

  1. Specific Heat:

It is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temprature.

Cp = (a1 + a2T + a3T^2 +a4T^3 + a5T^4)*R

Function for specific heat 

% Specific heat calculation function
function Cp = Specificheat_func(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,Temp,R,global_medium_temp)
% comparing with global temprature
% If less than global temprature- minimum coefficients are taken
if Temp <= global_medium_temp
Cp= R*(a8 + (a9*Temp)) + (a10*(Temp).^2) + (a11*(Temp).^3) +(a12*(Temp).^4);
else
Cp= R*(a1+(a2*Temp)) +(a3*(Temp).^2) + (a4*(Temp).^3) + ( a5*(Temp).^4);
%Else maximum coefficients are taken
end
 
2. Entropy:
Entropy, the measure of a systems thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Because work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder, or randomness, of a system. 
The concept of entropy provides deep insight into direction of spontaneous change for many everyday phenomena.
S = (a1lnT + a2T + a3^T/2 + a4T^3/3 +a5T^4/4 +a7)*R
 
Function for Entropy:
% Entropy Calculation Function
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
function S = Entropy_calc(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a7,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a14,Temp,R,global_medium_temp)
% Comparing with global temprature
% If less than global temprature - minimum coefficients are taken
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
if Temp <= global_medium_temp
S= R.*(a8.*log(Temp)) + (a9.*Temp) + (a10*((Temp).^2)/2) + (a11*((Temp).^3)/3) + (a12*((Temp).^4/4) + a14);
else
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
% Else - maximum coefficients are taken
S= R.*(a1.*log(Temp) + (a2.*Temp) +(a3*((Temp).^2)/2) + (a4*((Temp).^3)/3) + (a5*((Temp).^4)/4) + a7);
end
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
 
3.Enthalpy
Enthalpy, a property of a thermodynamic system, is equal to the system's internal energy plus the product of its pressure and volume. In a system enclosed so as to prevent the mass transfer, for processes at constant pressure , the heat absorbed or released equals the change in enthalpy.
 
H = (a1 + a2T/2 +a3T^2/3 + a4T^3/4 + a5T^4/5 + a6/T)*R*T
Function for enthalpy:
 
%Enthalpy Calculation Function
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
function H = Enthalpy(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a13,Temp,R,global_medium_temp)
% Comparing with global temprature
% If less than global temperature - minimum coefficients are taken
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
if Temp<=global_medium_temp
H = R*Temp.*(a8 + ((a9*Temp)/2) + ((a10*(Temp).^2)/3) + ((a11*(Temp).^3)/4) + ((a12*(Temp).^4)/5) +((a13./Temp)));
else
% Else maximum coefficients are taken
H= R*Temp.*(a1 +((a2*Temp)/2) + ((a3*(Temp).^2)/3) + ((a4*(Temp).^3)/4) + ((a5*(Temp).^4)/5) + ((a6./Temp)));
end
 
4. Molecular weight:
The molecular mass is the masss of a given molecule: it is measured in daltons. Different molecules of the same compound may have have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element.
 
Function for molecular weight:
 
% molecular weight calculation
function Molecularweight = Molecular_weight(Species_SP)
% Standard - Atomic Name
atomic_name = ['H','C','O','N','A'];
% Hydrogen,Carbon ,Oxygen,Nitrogen,Argon
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
fprintf('Molecular Weight of')
fprintf(Species_SP)
fprintf(' : ');
%standared atomic no.
Atomic_weight = [1.008 12.011 15.999 14.007 39.948];
% Starting Range of molecule
Molecularweight=0;
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
�ding Atomic number to obtain particular value
for i = 1:length(Species_SP)
for j = 1:length(atomic_name)
if strcmpi(Species_SP(i),atomic_name(j))
Molecularweight = Molecularweight +Atomic_weight(j);
position = j;
end
end
n = str2num(Species_SP(i));
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
if n>1
Molecularweight = Molecularweight + Atomic_weight(position)*(n-1);
end
end
fprintf('molecular weight %s :',Species_SP);
fprintf('%d',Molecularweight);
disp(' ');
end
 
Main Code:
clear all
close all
clc
%make directory
mkdir 'C:\Users\hp\Desktop\Matlab Challenges'
% Reading Data file- NASA Thermodynamic
% Open a file and 'r' open the file for reading
f1=fopen('THERMO.DAT','r')
gt=fgetl(f1);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
% Obtaining Tempratures- by reading header information
global_temp=fgetl(f1);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
% Spliting
t=strsplit(global_temp);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Converting string cells to numbers using str2num,
global_low_temp=str2num(t{2});
global_medium_temp=str2num(t{3});
global_high_temp=str2num(t{4});
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
% Temprature range & Gas constant
%Temprature Range assumed
Temp=linspace(global_low_temp,global_high_temp,1000);
%Universal Gas Constant J/(mol-k)
R=8.314;
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%skipping three comment lines in the file
for i = 1:3
gt=fgetl(f1);
end
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
for i=1:53
gt=fgetl(f1);
A=strsplit(gt,'');
Species_SP=(A{1});
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
line_1=fgetl(f1);
a=strfind(line_1,'E');
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
% Extracting higher and lower tempratures coefficients
 
% % Extracting FIRST 7 coefficients i.e HIGH-temprature coefficients
a1=line_1(1:a(1)+3);
a1=str2num(a1); %1
a2=line_1(a(1)+4:a(2)+3);
a2=str2num(a2); %2
a3=line_1(a(2)+4:a(3)+3);
a3=str2num(a3); %3
a4=line_1(a(3)+4:a(4)+3);
a4=str2num(a4); %4
a5=line_1(a(4)+4:a(5)+3);
a5=str2num(a5) ; %5
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
line_2=fgetl(f1);
b=strfind(line_1,'E');
a6=line_2(1:b(1)+3);
a6=str2num(a6); %6
a7=line_2(a(1)+4:b(2)+3);
a7=str2num(a7); %7
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Extracgting SECOND 7 coefficients - LOW-temprature coefficients
a8=line_2(b(2)+4:b(3)+3);
a8=str2num(a8); %8
a9=line_2(b(3)+4:b(4)+3)
a9=str2num(a9); %9
a10=line_2(b(4)+4:b(5)+3);
a10=str2num(a10);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
line_3=fgetl(f1);
c=strfind(line_1,'E');
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
a11=line_3(1:c(1)+3);
a11=str2num(a11);
a12=line_3(c(1)+4:c(2)+3);
a12=str2num(a12);
a13=line_3(c(2)+4:c(3)+3);
a13=str2num(a13);
a14=line_3(c(3)+4:c(4)+3);
a14=str2num(a14);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Specific heat calculation
Cp=Specificheat_func(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,Temp,R,global_medium_temp);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Enthalpy calculation
H=Enthalpy(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a13,Temp,R,global_medium_temp);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Entropy calculation
S=Entropy_calc(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a7,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a14,Temp,R,global_medium_temp);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
�lculating Molecular weight of speices
Molecularweight(i) = Molecular_weight(Species_SP);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Read & write molecular list
Molecular_list = fopen('Molecular weight.txt','a+');
fprintf(Molecular_list,'Molecular weight of %s is %d \n',Species_SP,Molecularweight);
fclose(Molecular_list);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%plotting(CP,H,S,Temp,Speices_SP)
%Saving as a folder
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
cur_dir=pwd;
mkdir(Species_SP);
cd(Species_SP);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Plot 1, Specific heat(CP) vs Temprature Range (Temp)
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
figure(1)
plot(Temp,Cp,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
xlabel('Temperature[K]');
ylabel('Specific Heat [kJ]');
title(sprintf('Varying Specific Heat with Temprature Range of %s',Species_SP));
grid on
saveas(figure(1),'Specific Heat.jpg');
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Plot 2, Enthalpy(H) vs Temprature Range (Temp)
figure(2)
plot(Temp,H,'linewidth',2,'color','g');
xlabel('Temperature[K]');
ylabel('Enthalpy in [kJ/(mol)]');
title(sprintf('Varying Enthalpy with Temperature Range of %s',Species_SP));
grid on
saveas(figure(2),'Enthalpy.jpg');
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Plot 3,Entropy (S) vs Temprature Range (Temp)
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
figure(3)
plot(Temp,S,'linewidth',2,'color','b');
xlabel('Temperature[K]');
ylabel('Entropy in [kJ/(mol-K)]');
title(sprintf('Varying Entropy with Temperature Range of %s',Species_SP));
grid on
saveas(figure(3),'Entropy.jpg');
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
cd(cur_dir);
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
%Molecular weight
M = Molecular_weight(Species_SP)
f2 = fopen('molecular mass','w');
fprintf('%s n %s n %f n', 'species','Molecular mass',M)
fclose(f2)
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
end
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
<!-- [if mso]>
<![endif]-->
 
Code explaination:
1.'clear all'- clear all the variables in the workspace.
'close all'- closes all the plots and figures and 
'clc'- clears the command window.
 
2. Making a directory using 'mkdir' with location address.
3. After that, reading the text file 'Thermo.dat' file and opening it by using 'fopen' and 'r' as reading command.
4. For reading the line in a text file using 'fgetl'.
5. To obtain the temprature range from the Thermo.dat file, using 'strsplit' to split the temprature into particular string cell.
6. Used 'str2num' for converting string cell to numbers.
7. Divided the temprature into a string and then converted to a number so that temprature values can be used seprately to solve the NASA thermodynamics.
8.Using 'for&end' loops to skip the next three comment lines in the text file.
9. Reading all the 53 speices to plot specific hest (Cp), enthalpy (H), and entropy(S), with temprature values, and to find molecular weights.
10. Used 'for' loop to read 53 speices.
11. Used 'strfind' to find string.
12. Using 'linspace' specified the temprature range from low to high.
13. Adding universal gas constant value 'R'.
14. Extracted higher and lower temprature coefficient by reading line by line from the speices.
15. Calling specific heat,enthalpy, entropy function codes.
16. Calculating Molecular weight.
 
Syntax used during coding 
 
Fopen: Open a file or obtain information about open files 
'r' : Open the file for reading
fgetl : Read line from file
strsplit : Convert character array or string to numeric array.
strfind: Find one string within another
linspace: Generate linearly spaced vectors.
fprintf: Write formatted data to file
pwd: Identify the current directory
mkdir: Make a new directory
cd: change working directory
 
 
Output:

Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 5) 

f1 =

     4


a9 =

    '-3.27931884E-03'

Molecular Weight ofO                 L 1/90O   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight O                 L 1/90O   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.719830e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofO                 L 1/90O   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight O                 L 1/90O   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.719830e+02 

M =

  271.9830

species n Molecular mass n 271.983000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-2.99673416E-03'

Molecular Weight ofO2                TPIS89O   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight O2                TPIS89O   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.159740e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofO2                TPIS89O   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight O2                TPIS89O   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.159740e+02 

M =

  415.9740

species n Molecular mass n 415.974000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 7.05332819E-13'

Molecular Weight ofH                 L 7/88H   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H                 L 7/88H   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.923200e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofH                 L 7/88H   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H                 L 7/88H   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.923200e+01 

M =

   29.2320

species n Molecular mass n 29.232000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 7.98052075E-03'

Molecular Weight ofH2                TPIS78H   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2                TPIS78H   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.419200e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofH2                TPIS78H   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2                TPIS78H   2               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.419200e+01 

M =

   24.1920

species n Molecular mass n 24.192000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-2.40131752E-03'

Molecular Weight ofOH                RUS 78O   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight OH                RUS 78O   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.417400e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofOH                RUS 78O   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight OH                RUS 78O   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.417400e+01 

M =

   54.1740

species n Molecular mass n 54.174000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-2.03643410E-03'

Molecular Weight ofH2O               L 8/89H   2O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2O               L 8/89H   2O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.000010e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofH2O               L 8/89H   2O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2O               L 8/89H   2O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.000010e+02 

M =

  500.0010

species n Molecular mass n 500.001000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-4.74912051E-03'

Molecular Weight ofHO2               L 5/89H   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HO2               L 5/89H   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.819860e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHO2               L 5/89H   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HO2               L 5/89H   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.819860e+02 

M =

  481.9860

species n Molecular mass n 481.986000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-5.42822417E-04'

Molecular Weight ofH2O2              L 7/88H   2O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2O2              L 7/88H   2O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.000010e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofH2O2              L 7/88H   2O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2O2              L 7/88H   2O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.000010e+02 

M =

  500.0010

species n Molecular mass n 500.001000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-3.21537724E-04'

Molecular Weight ofC                 L11/88C   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C                 L11/88C   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.762530e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC                 L11/88C   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C                 L11/88C   1               G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :2.762530e+02 

M =

  276.2530

species n Molecular mass n 276.253000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 3.23835541E-04'

Molecular Weight ofCH                TPIS79C   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH                TPIS79C   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.720600e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH                TPIS79C   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH                TPIS79C   1H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.720600e+01 

M =

   47.2060

species n Molecular mass n 47.206000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 9.68872143E-04'

Molecular Weight ofCH2               L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2               L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.519000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2               L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2               L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.519000e+01 

M =

   45.1900

species n Molecular mass n 45.190000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-2.36661419E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCH2(S)            L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2(S)            L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.519000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2(S)            L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2(S)            L S/93C   1H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.519000e+01 

M =

   45.1900

species n Molecular mass n 45.190000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 2.01095175E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCH3               L11/89C   1H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3               L11/89C   1H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.224600e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH3               L11/89C   1H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3               L11/89C   1H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.224600e+01 

M =

   52.2460

species n Molecular mass n 52.246000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-1.36709788E-02'

Molecular Weight ofCH4               L 8/88C   1H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH4               L 8/88C   1H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.031000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH4               L 8/88C   1H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH4               L 8/88C   1H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.031000e+01 

M =

   60.3100

species n Molecular mass n 60.310000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-6.10353680E-04'

Molecular Weight ofCO                TPIS79C   1O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CO                TPIS79C   1O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.919990e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCO                TPIS79C   1O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CO                TPIS79C   1O   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.919990e+02 

M =

  391.9990

species n Molecular mass n 391.999000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 8.98459677E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCO2               L 7/88C   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CO2               L 7/88C   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.199910e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCO2               L 7/88C   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CO2               L 7/88C   1O   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.199910e+02 

M =

  519.9910

species n Molecular mass n 519.991000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-3.24392532E-03'

Molecular Weight ofHCO               L12/89H   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCO               L12/89H   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.260130e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCO               L12/89H   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCO               L12/89H   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :4.260130e+02 

M =

  426.0130

species n Molecular mass n 426.013000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-9.90833369E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCH2O              L 8/88H   2C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2O              L 8/88H   2C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.080240e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2O              L 8/88H   2C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2O              L 8/88H   2C   1O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :5.080240e+02 

M =

  508.0240

species n Molecular mass n 508.024000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 5.59672304E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCH2OH             GUNL93C   1H   3O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2OH             GUNL93C   1H   3O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.281380e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2OH             GUNL93C   1H   3O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2OH             GUNL93C   1H   3O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.281380e+02 

M =

  328.1380

species n Molecular mass n 328.138000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.07216595E-01'

Molecular Weight ofCH3O              121686C   1H   3O   1     G   300.00   3000.00   1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3O              121686C   1H   3O   1     G   300.00   3000.00   1000.000    1 :4.140460e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH3O              121686C   1H   3O   1     G   300.00   3000.00   1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3O              121686C   1H   3O   1     G   300.00   3000.00   1000.000    1 :4.140460e+02 

M =

  414.0460

species n Molecular mass n 414.046000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-1.52309129E-02'

Molecular Weight ofCH3OH             L 8/88C   1H   4O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3OH             L 8/88C   1H   4O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :1.972450e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH3OH             L 8/88C   1H   4O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3OH             L 8/88C   1H   4O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :1.972450e+02 

M =

  197.2450

species n Molecular mass n 197.245000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 1.34099611E-02'

Molecular Weight ofC2H               L 1/91C   2H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H               L 1/91C   2H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.518000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H               L 1/91C   2H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H               L 1/91C   2H   1          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.518000e+01 

M =

   65.1800

species n Molecular mass n 65.180000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 2.33615629E-02'

Molecular Weight ofC2H2              L 1/91C   2H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H2              L 1/91C   2H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.719600e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H2              L 1/91C   2H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H2              L 1/91C   2H   2          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :6.719600e+01 

M =

   67.1960

species n Molecular mass n 67.196000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 1.51479162E-03'

Molecular Weight ofC2H3              L 2/92C   2H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H3              L 2/92C   2H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.122800e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H3              L 2/92C   2H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H3              L 2/92C   2H   3          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.122800e+01 

M =

   71.2280

species n Molecular mass n 71.228000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-7.57052247E-03'

Molecular Weight ofC2H4              L 1/91C   2H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H4              L 1/91C   2H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.122800e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H4              L 1/91C   2H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H4              L 1/91C   2H   4          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.122800e+01 

M =

   71.2280

species n Molecular mass n 71.228000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-4.18658892E-03'

Molecular Weight ofC2H5              L12/92C   2H   5          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H5              L12/92C   2H   5          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.526000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H5              L12/92C   2H   5          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H5              L12/92C   2H   5          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :7.526000e+01 

M =

   75.2600

species n Molecular mass n 75.260000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-5.50154270E-03'

Molecular Weight ofC2H6              L 8/88C   2H   6          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H6              L 8/88C   2H   6          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :8.836400e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC2H6              L 8/88C   2H   6          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C2H6              L 8/88C   2H   6          G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :8.836400e+01 

M =

   88.3640

species n Molecular mass n 88.364000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 1.81188721E-02'

Molecular Weight ofCH2CO             L 5/90C   2H   2O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2CO             L 5/90C   2H   2O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.880550e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2CO             L 5/90C   2H   2O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2CO             L 5/90C   2H   2O   1     G   200.000  3500.000  1000.000    1 :3.880550e+02 

M =

  388.0550

species n Molecular mass n 388.055000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.17655021E-01'

Molecular Weight ofHCCO              SRIC91H   1C   2O   1     G   300.00   4000.00   1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCCO              SRIC91H   1C   2O   1     G   300.00   4000.00   1000.000    1 :2.701520e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCCO              SRIC91H   1C   2O   1     G   300.00   4000.00   1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCCO              SRIC91H   1C   2O   1     G   300.00   4000.00   1000.000    1 :2.701520e+02 

M =

  270.1520

species n Molecular mass n 270.152000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.31072201E-01'

Molecular Weight ofHCCOH              SRI91C   2O   1H   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCCOH              SRI91C   2O   1H   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :9.818600e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCCOH              SRI91C   2O   1H   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCCOH              SRI91C   2O   1H   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :9.818600e+01 

M =

   98.1860

species n Molecular mass n 98.186000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.56952331E-02'

Molecular Weight ofH2CN               41687H   2C   1N   1     G   300.00   4000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2CN               41687H   2C   1N   1     G   300.00   4000.000  1000.000    1 :4.202500e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofH2CN               41687H   2C   1N   1     G   300.00   4000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight H2CN               41687H   2C   1N   1     G   300.00   4000.000  1000.000    1 :4.202500e+02 

M =

  420.2500

species n Molecular mass n 420.250000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.10051170E-01'

Molecular Weight ofHCN               GRI/98H   1C   1N   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCN               GRI/98H   1C   1N   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.481990e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCN               GRI/98H   1C   1N   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCN               GRI/98H   1C   1N   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.481990e+02 

M =

  348.1990

species n Molecular mass n 348.199000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.56696171E-02'

Molecular Weight ofHNO               And93 H   1N   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HNO               And93 H   1N   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.520470e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHNO               And93 H   1N   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HNO               And93 H   1N   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.520470e+02 

M =

  352.0470

species n Molecular mass n 352.047000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.00000000E+00'

Molecular Weight ofN                 L 6/88N   1               G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N                 L 6/88N   1               G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.781890e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofN                 L 6/88N   1               G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N                 L 6/88N   1               G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.781890e+02 

M =

  378.1890

species n Molecular mass n 378.189000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.48497072E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNNH               T07/93N   2H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NNH               T07/93N   2H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :8.022000e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNNH               T07/93N   2H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NNH               T07/93N   2H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :8.022000e+01 

M =

   80.2200

species n Molecular mass n 80.220000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.11304728E-01'

Molecular Weight ofN2O               L 7/88N   2O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N2O               L 7/88N   2O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.040000e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofN2O               L 7/88N   2O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N2O               L 7/88N   2O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.040000e+02 

M =

  504.0000

species n Molecular mass n 504.000000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.31179198E-03'

Molecular Weight ofNH                And94 N   1H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH                And94 N   1H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :2.441100e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNH                And94 N   1H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH                And94 N   1H   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :2.441100e+02 

M =

  244.1100

species n Molecular mass n 244.110000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.21061385E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNH2               And89 N   1H   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH2               And89 N   1H   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.021540e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNH2               And89 N   1H   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH2               And89 N   1H   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.021540e+02 

M =

  302.1540

species n Molecular mass n 302.154000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.46605230E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNH3               J 6/77N   1H   3          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH3               J 6/77N   1H   3          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.724600e+01 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNH3               J 6/77N   1H   3          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NH3               J 6/77N   1H   3          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.724600e+01 

M =

   57.2460

species n Molecular mass n 57.246000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.46389760E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNO                RUS 78N   1O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NO                RUS 78N   1O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.639930e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNO                RUS 78N   1O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NO                RUS 78N   1O   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :3.639930e+02 

M =

  363.9930

species n Molecular mass n 363.993000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.15854290E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNO2               L 7/88N   1O   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NO2               L 7/88N   1O   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.079840e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNO2               L 7/88N   1O   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NO2               L 7/88N   1O   2          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.079840e+02 

M =

  507.9840

species n Molecular mass n 507.984000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 1.27505342E-02'

Molecular Weight ofHCNO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1382.000    1 : molecular weight HCNO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1382.000    1 :8.214100e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCNO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1382.000    1 : molecular weight HCNO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1382.000    1 :8.214100e+02 

M =

  821.4100

species n Molecular mass n 821.410000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 6.88667922E-03'

Molecular Weight ofHOCN              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1368.000    1 : molecular weight HOCN              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1368.000    1 :8.854060e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHOCN              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1368.000    1 : molecular weight HOCN              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1368.000    1 :8.854060e+02 

M =

  885.4060

species n Molecular mass n 885.406000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 7.30282357E-03'

Molecular Weight ofHNCO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1478.000    1 : molecular weight HNCO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1478.000    1 :9.174040e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHNCO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1478.000    1 : molecular weight HNCO              BDEA94H   1N   1C   1O   1G   300.000  5000.000  1478.000    1 :9.174040e+02 

M =

  917.4040

species n Molecular mass n 917.404000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.88051688E-02'

Molecular Weight ofNCO               EA 93 N   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NCO               EA 93 N   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :6.194560e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofNCO               EA 93 N   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight NCO               EA 93 N   1C   1O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :6.194560e+02 

M =

  619.4560

species n Molecular mass n 619.456000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.95551327E-03'

Molecular Weight ofCN                HBH92 C   1N   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CN                HBH92 C   1N   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :1.471660e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCN                HBH92 C   1N   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CN                HBH92 C   1N   1          G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :1.471660e+02 

M =

  147.1660

species n Molecular mass n 147.166000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.15960619E-01'

Molecular Weight ofHCNN              SRI/94C   1N   2H   1     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCNN              SRI/94C   1N   2H   1     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :2.421910e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofHCNN              SRI/94C   1N   2H   1     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight HCNN              SRI/94C   1N   2H   1     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :2.421910e+02 

M =

  242.1910

species n Molecular mass n 242.191000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.14082404E-02'

Molecular Weight ofN2                121286N   2               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N2                121286N   2               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :3.361680e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofN2                121286N   2               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight N2                121286N   2               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :3.361680e+02 

M =

  336.1680

species n Molecular mass n 336.168000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.00000000E+00'

Molecular Weight ofAR                120186AR  1               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight AR                120186AR  1               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :8.389080e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofAR                120186AR  1               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight AR                120186AR  1               G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :8.389080e+02 

M =

  838.9080

species n Molecular mass n 838.908000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.26424579E-01'

Molecular Weight ofC3H8              L 4/85C   3H   8          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C3H8              L 4/85C   3H   8          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :1.083540e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC3H8              L 4/85C   3H   8          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C3H8              L 4/85C   3H   8          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :1.083540e+02 

M =

  108.3540

species n Molecular mass n 108.354000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.25991980E-01'

Molecular Weight ofC3H7              L 9/84C   3H   7          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C3H7              L 9/84C   3H   7          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :1.103700e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofC3H7              L 9/84C   3H   7          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight C3H7              L 9/84C   3H   7          G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :1.103700e+02 

M =

  110.3700

species n Molecular mass n 110.370000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    '-0.31932858E-02'

Molecular Weight ofCH3CHO            L 8/88C   2H   4O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3CHO            L 8/88C   2H   4O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.200790e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH3CHO            L 8/88C   2H   4O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH3CHO            L 8/88C   2H   4O   1     G   200.000  6000.000  1000.000    1 :5.200790e+02 

M =

  520.0790

species n Molecular mass n 520.079000 n
ans =

     0


a9 =

    ' 0.10738574E-01'

Molecular Weight ofCH2CHO            SAND86O   1H   3C   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2CHO            SAND86O   1H   3C   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :3.801950e+02 
Warning: Directory already exists. 
> In project1 (line 103) 
Molecular Weight ofCH2CHO            SAND86O   1H   3C   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 : molecular weight CH2CHO            SAND86O   1H   3C   2     G   300.000  5000.000  1000.000    1 :3.801950e+02 

M =

  380.1950

species n Molecular mass n 380.195000 n
ans =

     0

>> 

 
 
 
Google link drive for folders:
 
 
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 References:

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mkdir.html

https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/317006-create-new-folders-by-mkdir

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/saveas.html

https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/17580-how-to-define-a-path-in-saveas-command

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/referencelist.html?type=function&category=printing-and-exporting

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/msgbox.html

https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/151692-display-value-in-message-box

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/fprintf.html

https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/sprintf.html

http://combustion.berkeley.edu/gri-mech/data/nasa_plnm.html

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940013151.pdf

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-0186-8_8

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