Project 1 - Design and Develop a IOT based Wireless Wearable Health Monitoring System or a Home Healthcare System to monitor the physiological parameters of ECG, Heart Rate, Pulse Oximetry, Cuffless Blood Pressure and Body Temperature.
Name for Designed Product: Wearable Health Monitoring System (Dr.Minute)
As we are designing a product named Dr.Minute of the category Wearable Health Monitoring System, first we should know what the name of the product suggests, so' the name Dr.Minute refers to the Doctors in Minute. This device will Senses the health parameters of the product as given below and then send it to the Doctor Team within minutes via IoT Device System and the doctor team suggests back the solution to the patient not taking too much time for small health problems and for Major problems the team takes the patient to the hospital for neccessary treatment.
Parameters monitored by the product:
Basic Parameters are monitored by Dr. Minute are given below-
- ECG
- Heart Rate
- Pulse rate
- Blood Pressure
- SpO2
- Temperature
Dr. Minute monitors the above mentioned parameters of the Patient or User and Genreates a weekly/monthly Report and sends it to the Doctor Team or Sends the report to the doctor in case of emergency. If the condition of the patients suddenly detorites it calls a medical team along with ambulance services and aslo preapre at the hospital according to the Heath Condition data recieved along with the History Data. The History data consists of patients Past conditions in a graphical format and past procedures, medicines and treatments taken by the User.
Architecture:
The framework of the IoT that is applied for healthcare applications aids to integrate the advantages of IoT technology and cloud computing with the field of medicine. It also lays out the protocols for the transmission of the patient’s data from numerous sensors and medical devices to a given healthcare network. The topology of an HIoT is the arrangement of different components of an IoT healthcare system/network that are coherently connected in a healthcare environment. A basic HIoT system contains mainly three components such as publisher, broker, and subscriber. The publisher represents a network of connected sensors and other medical devices that may work individually or simultaneously to record the patient’s vital information. This information may include blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, and so on. The publisher can send this information continuously through a network to a broker. The broker is responsible for the processing and storage of the acquired data in the cloud. Finally, the subscriber indulges in the continuous monitoring of the patient’s information that can be accessed and visualized through a smartphone, computer, tablet, etc. Herein, the publisher can process these data and give feedback after the observation of any physiological anomaly or degradation in the patient’s health condition. The HIoT assimilates discrete components into a hybrid grid where a specific purpose is dedicated to each component on the IoT network and cloud in the healthcare network. Since the topology for an HIoT depends on the healthcare demand and application, it is hard to suggest a universal structure for HIoT. Numerous structural changes have been adopted in the past for an HIoT system. It is crucial to list out all associated activities related to the desired health application while designing a new IoT-based healthcare system for real-time patient monitoring. The success of the IoT system depends on how it is satisfying the requirements of healthcare providers. Since each disease needs a complex procedure of healthcare activities, the topology must follow the medical rules and steps in the diagnosis procedure.
A practical consideration in designing an HIoT system is the accessibility of the patient’s data from the authorized node (sensor), which may be present at remote locations. This can be carried out with effective identification of the nodes and sensors that are present in the healthcare network. Identification follows the process of assigning a unique identifier (UID) to each authorized entity so that it can be easily identified and unambiguous data exchange can be achieved. In general, every resource associated with the healthcare system (hospital, doctor, nurses, caregivers, medical devices, and so on) is accompanied by a digital UID. This ensures the identification of the resources as well as the connection among the resources in a digital domain. In the literature, numerous standards for identification have been reported. The Open Software Foundation (OSF) has developed two different identifiers, namely, a universally unique identifier (UUID) and a globally developed unique identifier (GUID). UUID, a part of Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), can be operated without the requirement of centralized coordination. In a healthcare network, the sensors and actuators are identified and addressed separately which helps in the proper functioning of the system. However, there may be a chance that the unique identification of a component may change throughout the life cycle of the IoT system due to the continuous upgradation of the IoT-based technologies. Hence, the device must have a provision to update this information to maintain the integrity of the healthcare device/system. This can be reasoned to the fact that the change in the configuration not only affects the process of tracking the network component(s) but also may result in a flawed diagnosis. Additionally, the application of IoT in healthcare demands new technologies that have the capability to locate things based on a global identification number, safely manage the identity of the components using different encryption and authentication techniques, and build a global directory search for efficient discovery of IoT services under the UUID scheme.
Communication technologies ensure the connection among different entities in an HIoT network. These technologies can be broadly divided into short-range and medium-range communication technology. The short-range communication technologies are the protocols that are used to establish a connection among the objects within a limited range or a body area network (BAN), whereas the medium-range communication technologies usually support communication for a large distance, e.g., communication between a base station and the central node of a BAN. The distance of communication may vary from a few centimeters to several meters in the case of short-range communication. In most of the HIoT applications, short-range communication technology is preferred.
Wi-Fi. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a wireless local area network (WLAN) that follows the IEEE 802.11 standard. It provides a higher transmission range (within 70 ft.) as compared to Bluetooth. Wi-Fi builds a network very quickly and easily. Hence, it is mostly used in hospitals. The wide application of Wi-Fi lies in its easy compatibility with smartphones and its provision to support robust security and control. However, it shows a relatively higher power usage and the network performs inconsistently.