Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

AIM

To design and draft a layout of a Residential building

Drawings Required: Floor plan,Sections,Elevation,Column Layout,Beam Layout ,Footing Layout

INTRODUCTION

AutoCAD is used to create 2D and 3D drawings,plans and models in a variety of industry such as architecture,engineering and construction.

Here,AutoCAD is used to draw a residential building layout.

The plot size :60' x 20'

Orientation :Facing East

1. various commands in AutoCAD

• NEW
• UN
• LIMMAX
• XLINE
• LINE
• OFFSET
• TRIM
• ERASE
• COPY
• MOVE
• CIRCLE
• RECTANGLE
• FILLET
• LA
• DTEXT
• DIMLINEAR
• DIMCONTINUE
• MULTILEADER
• HATCH
• D-DIMENSTIONAL STYLE
• BLOCK
• INSERT

2.VASTHU Requirements

• Main Door - East
• Stairs -South-East
• Kitchen -South-East
• Pooja Room -North-East
• Living Area -Facing East
• Study Room -North-East
• Dinning Room -South-East
• Master Bedroom -South-West
• Attached Bathroom -North-West
• Bathroom -North-West

PROCEDURE

• Use command NEW ->Advanced Startup-> set the required units
• Or Set the required units using UNITS command.Here the unit system is ENGINEERING
• Set the limit of the sheet using LIMMAX command(35'0",24'9")
• Using the LINE Command,plot boundary of 60'x20' is drawn
• Draw the directions in the sheet using the LINE and DTEXT command(The directions can be made a BLOCK)
• The building's main entrance is facing the East direction
• Size of the planned residential building is 20' x 43'
• A 20' x 10' space is left for Car parking as well as for Garden purpose
• XLINE command can be used to draw the infinte horizontal and vertical line
• Various layers have been created using the LA command ex:external walls layer,doors and windows layer,dimension layer,text layer etc.Different colours can be given to each of these layers.
• Using the LINE command and the OFFSET command the prepared plan,section and elevation (Take projections from the plan) is drawn
• As required use the COPY,TRIM,MIRROR,CIRCLE,RECTANG,EXTEND command to draw the plan,section and elevation
• After the completion of the drawing various layers can be assigned to the drawing
• Do the dimensioning of the geometry using the DIMENSION command from the menu bar or using the DIMLINEAR command
• Continuation of the dimension can be done using the DIMCONTINUE command
• For customizing the dimensioning(height of dimension text,angle of dimension,dimension line size ,arrow size etc) use the command D
• From the RIBBON >Home>Text,the texting of the geometry can be done or by using the TEXT command
• From the RIBBON > ANNOTATE>MULTILEADER can be used wherever leaders are required
• HATCHING can be done wherever required by using the command h ->click on the OPTIONS button and select the required type of hatching pattern (For elevation,section drawing hatching is used )
• BLOCK command can be used to make drawings convert to block (Windows,Doors (Dynmaic block) and Ventilator have been converted to BLOCKS)
• INSERT command can be used for the block insertion

Dimension of various components in the plan

• Dimensions of Windows

WINDOWS/VENTILATOR	SIZE
W1	5'X 4'
W2	4' X 4'
W3	3' X 3'
V	2' X 1'6"

• Dimensions of Doors

DOORS	SIZE
D1	5' X 7'
D2	3' X 7'
D3	2'6" X 7'

• External Wall thickness :9"
• Internal wall thickness :4.5"
• Sunshade external projection :2'
• Tread :10"
• Riser :6"

AutoCAD WORK PROGRESS STEPS:

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

• Fixation of Directions

Directions made as a BLOCK

• Layer Creation

• Steps in Drafting of PLAN

• Steps in Drafting of SECTIONS

Section AA was chosen for drawing the elevation

• Steps in Drafting of ELEVATION

Elevation can be drawn by projecting lines from the plan

Various Levels

NGL: Base Layer

Plinth Level:2'

Dimensions Measured from plinth level

Sill Level :2'11"

Lintel Level :6'11"

Room Height :10'10"

Sunshade :10'6"

Parapet wall thickness:2'2" (From Sunshade)

Column Cross section :9" x 9"

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

1. Steps in drafting of COLUMN LAYOUT

• Create a layer for the columns
• Position the Column wherever nesessray in the plan
• The size of the column should also be fixed
• Here, as a trial the size(Cross section)of the column is assumed as 9" x 9"
• Except the column layer,turn off all the other layers
• Using the COPY Command,Copy the column location
• Using Construction Lines,draw the central line of every columns
• Do the dimensioning of the geometry using the DIMENSION command from the menu bar or using the DIMLINEAR command
• Continuation of the dimension can be done using the DIMCONTINUE command
• For customizing the dimensioning(height of dimension text,angle of dimension,dimension line size ,arrow size etc) use the command D
• From the RIBBON > ANNOTATE>MULTILEADER can be used wherever leaders are required (Inorder to mark the central line positions)
• From the RIBBON >Home>Text,the texting of the geometry can be done or by using the TEXT command

2.Steps in drafting of BEAM LAYOUT

• Create a layer for the BEAMS
• For Primary beam,Secondary beam separte layers have been created
• Copy the position of the columns by turning off all the other layers except the layer of column and center line
• Draw beams wherever nesessary as per the plan
• Here,For a G+0 structure as an assumption the Plinth Beam dimension is taken as 9" x 9"
• Primary beam, Secondary beam size is taken by assumption as 9" x9"
• Beams can be drawn by taking offsets using OFFSET Command from the Central line of columns(4.5" offsets on both side of the column central line)
• From the RIBBON >Home>Text,the texting of the geometry can be done or by using the TEXT command

3.Steps in drafting of FOOTING LAYOUT

• Create a layer for the FOOTING
• Copy the position of the columns by turning off all the other layers except the layer of column and center line
• Here,For a G+0 structure the column size assumed was 9" x 9"
• For a column of 9" x 9" size,the footing size should be 3.5' x 3.5'
• Using the OFFSET Command the Footing can be drawn ( As required use the above mentioned COMMANDS)
• From the RIBBON >Home>Text,the texting of the geometry can be done or by using the TEXT command

RESULT

• A Residential plan Layout have been developed in the given plot size
• The following drawings have been developed:

Architectural Drawings -Plan,Section and Elevation

Structural Drawings -Column Layout,Beam Layout,Footing Layout