Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

Project 1

Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size & develop relevant basic structural drawings

Aim: To design & draft a layout of a residential building with Plot size 60’ x 20’. The building should face east side & to provide required Architectural & Structural drawings such as Floor plan, section, elevation, column, Beam & footing plan.

Introduction:

Residential building:

A residential building is a building made up of one or more rooms used for housing with necessary facilities & utilities that satisfy the living requirements of a person or family.

Floor plan:

A Floor plan is a technical drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns and other physical features at one level of a structure. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths. A typical Floor plan is not a top view or bird’s eye view. It is a measured drawing to scale of the layout of a floor in a building. A top view or bird’s eye view does not show an orthogonally projected plane cut at the typical four-foot height above the floor level whereas a Floor Plan could show. A floor plan is essentially a simple diagram showing room layout and offering a conceptual starting point. A floor plan is the place to begin creating and diagramming a logical space based on end user requirements.

Elevation Drawing:

An elevation drawing is a view of a building seen from one side. It is the two-dimensional flat representation of one façade. It displays heights of key features of the development in relation to be fixed point such as natural ground level.

Section drawing:

Sectional drawings are multi-view technical drawings that contain special views of a part or parts, which reveal interior features. Sectioning uses a technique that is based on passing an imaginary cutting plane through a part. These section drawings help to identify primary structures in relation to other surrounding structures of the building. Further, section drawings also provide information on the type of materials to be used in the construction.

Center line, Column & Footing layout:

The plan which contains column size, position is called a column layout plan. The column layout is very important for a structure. Using center line drawings, columns layouts are prepared.

In this project, footing layout is given along with the column layout indicating footing size.

Beam layout:

In this project, beam layout is also given i.e., plinth beam layout which connects all the columns at plinth level.

Procedure:

• Setting units: Initially units are set using UN command and are set to engineering units.
• Using LIMMAX command, maximum limits are set as 500’ x 500’.
• Using LIMITS command, lower and upper corner limits are set & then Z enter & A enter for zoom all purpose.
• Now using CONSTRUCTION LINE, the reference horizontal & vertical lines are drafted.
• The required plot size 60’ x 20’ is drafted first & then the plinth area is created.
• Using OFFSET command, the required room spaces are created.
• Using modify tools such as TRIM, FILLET, MOVE, COPY, EXTEND etc. The required room spaces are drafted.
• The Windows are created using BLOCK command to make them blocks which will be inserted in the drawing space whenever required.
• The residential building is drafted for G+1 floor.
• After creating ground floor & first floor plan, Center line drawing for columns and footings size & position is drafted.
• Again, using CONSTRUCTION LINE, the center lines are drafted taking reference from the floor plan.
• The column positions are drafted using RECTANGLE command by denoting the size of 9” x 9”.
• The footings are considered isolated footings and the position is drafted with a size of 3’9” x 3’9”.
• Using LINETYPE command, dashed lines are loaded and the grid lines are created as dashed lines in the Center line drawing.
• Now, for plinth beam drawing, using column positions, beam is drafted connecting all the columns with a size of 9” x 1’6”.
• Now to create the Elevation drawing, CONSTRUCTION LINEs are used taking the reference from floor plan.
• The natural ground level, plinth and finished floor level are mentioned and using baseline dimension, the drafted heights are denoted.
• Windows & Main door are drafted using Block editor.
• Now to draft the SECTION – AA which is mentioned in the floor plan, again using CONSTRUCTION LINE, the sectional view is drafted.
• The natural ground level, plinth and finished floor level are mentioned and the material used is also mentioned using HATCH command.
• Using DIMSTYLE command, in dimension style manager, the dimensions are modified and then drafted using linear, continue & baseline.
• Using SINGLE & MULTI-LINE text, annotations are drafted & LEADER is also used to indicate staircase.
• All the objects that are drafted are assigned to particular layers.
• LAYERS are created for Columns, plinth beam, dimensions, text, Doors & windows, staircase using LAYER properties pallet.
• Hence, the final Architectural & Structural drawings are drafted for a residential building G+1 using AutoCAD 2D.

Specifications:

• In Ground floor plan, 2 bedrooms with attached toilets, kitchen, living & dinging space along with stair case are drafted.
• Bedroom 1 – 9’ x 12’
• Bedroom 2 – 9’’ x 13’
• Toilet – 4’4” x 5’
• Kitchen – 9’ x 8’
• Staircase – 8’ landing, tread 9” & riser 6”.
• Total Ground floor plinth area = 785.15 Sf.t
• Total plot area = 1200 Sf.t
• In First floor plan, again 2 bedrooms with attached toilets are drafted, a work-out area, sit-out area is drafted. Sit-out area is considered as glass chamber which is drafted in elevation view.
• The bedroom sizes and work-out area sizes are sane as ground floor whereas the sit-out is of 8’ x 12’.
• Total first floor plinth area = 785.15 Sf.t
• Main door size = 4’ x 8’.
• Internal door sizes = 3’ x 8’
• Toilet door size = 2’6” x 8’
• Window size = 4’ x 4’

Result:

The final residential building (G+1) Architectural & structural drawings are drafted using AutoCAD 2D.