Challenge

Project 1 - Controlling a DC motor using PWM and monitoring its Running status

MMainak Kumar Das8 Sept 2023

Overview of the Project:

Implement a system on the simulator for controlling a DC motor using L293 motor driver, monitor its status and print the running status of motor on the LCD Display.

Goals:

Implement a system on simulator for Controlling the DC motor using L293 motor driver.
Displaying the running status of DC motor on the LCD display.

Key Highlights of the Project:

The DC motor can be controlled by using L293 motor driver.
The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by varying its input voltage, for doing this is to use PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
L293D IC is a typical Motor Driver IC which allows the DC motor to drive on any direction.

Deliverables of this project:

Implement the system for controlling DC motor.
Controlling the speed of the DC motor using PMW.
Displaying the present running status of DC machine on LCD display.

Expected Outcomes:

Implement a system on simulator to control a DC motor using PMW
Monitoring the running status of the DC motor using L293 motor driver which allows the DC motor to drive on any direction.
Running status i.e. on which direction the DC motor is running is to be displayed on the LCD screen.

Firmware :

/*
* GccApplication1.c
*
* Created: 9/8/2023 1:15:51 AM
* Author : Mainak Kumar Das
*/

#include //Inclusion is essential for work with avr
#define F_CPU 16000000L //Clock frequency
#include //Inclusion is essential for using _delay_ms() function

#define LCD_PORT PORTD //PORTD is selected for LCD_PORT

#define RS_HIGH() PORTB = PORTB | (1<<7>#define RS_LOW() PORTB = PORTB &~ (1<<7>#define EN_HIGH() PORTB = PORTB | (1<<6>#define EN_LOW() PORTB = PORTB &~ (1<<6>

void LCD_CMD(unsigned char cmd) //Making a function for LCD command
{
//Essential steps for command the LCD
LCD_PORT = cmd;
RS_LOW();
EN_HIGH();
_delay_ms(1);
EN_LOW();
}

void LCD_DATA(unsigned char data) //Making function for LCD data
{//Essential steps
LCD_PORT = data;
RS_HIGH();
EN_HIGH();
_delay_ms(1);
EN_LOW();

}

void LCD_OUT(char X, char Y, char *str) //Making the function to print the characters
{ //Vital Steps
CURSOR_POS(X,Y);
while(*str)
{
LCD_DATA(*str);
str++;
}
}

void CURSOR_POS(char x, char y) // Function to Choose cursor position
{
//Essential steps for selecting the cursor position
if((x<1>2)||(y<1>16))
{
x=1;
y=1;
}
if (x==1)
{
LCD_CMD(0x7f+y);
}
else
{
LCD_CMD(0xBf+y);
}
}

void LCD_INIT() //Making the function to initialize the LCD
{
//Essential steps
LCD_CMD(0x38);_delay_ms(5);
LCD_CMD(0x02);_delay_ms(5);
LCD_CMD(0x01);_delay_ms(5);
LCD_CMD(0x0c);_delay_ms(5);
LCD_CMD(0x06);_delay_ms(5);
LCD_CMD(0x80);_delay_ms(5);
}

int ADC_READ(char channel) //Making the function for Analog Read
{
//Vital Steps
unsigned int X, result;
ADMUX = channel;
ADCSRA = 0X80;
ADCH = 0X00;
ADCL = 0X00;
ADCSRA |= (1 << 6> // WAIT TILL THE CONVERSION IS FINISHED
while((ADCSRA & 0X40) !=0);
X = ADCL;
result = ADCH;
result = result << 8> result =result | X;
return result;
}

void LCD_PRINT(char row, char coloumn, unsigned int value, int digits) //Function for Speed of the print
{//Steps
unsigned int temp;
unsigned int unit;
unsigned int tens;
unsigned int hundred;
unsigned int thousand;
unsigned int million;
unsigned char flag=0;

if(row==0 || coloumn == 0) //Checking Conditions
{
CURSOR_POS(1,1);
}
else
{
CURSOR_POS(row,coloumn);
}
if(digits==5 || flag==1)
{
million = value/1000+48;
LCD_DATA(million);
flag=1;
}
if(digits==4 || flag==1)
{
temp = value/1000;
thousand = temp +48;
LCD_DATA(thousand);
flag=1;
}
if(digits==3 || flag==1)
{
temp = (value)/100;
hundred = (temp +48);
LCD_DATA(hundred);
flag=1;
}


if(digits==2 || flag==1)
{
temp = value/10;
tens = temp +48;
LCD_DATA(tens);
flag=1;
}
if(digits==1 || flag==1)
{
unit = value + 48;
LCD_DATA(unit);
}
if(digits>>5)
{
LCD_DATA('o');
}


}

int main(void)
{
DDRB = DDRB & ~(1<<3> PORTB = PORTB |(1<<3>
TCCR1B = 0b00000101; //Adding the pre-scaler Calculation : clock/1024
TCCR1A = 0b00000001; //PWM, Phase Correct BIT enabling
TCCR1B|= (1<<3> TCCR1A|= (1<<7> TCCR1A|= (1<<5> DDRB =0x06; //Setting the data direction register ,B1 and B2 Pin set as Output for two PWM wave generation

unsigned int volt, n,s; //Variable

LCD_INIT(); //initialized LCD Display

while(1)
{


LCD_OUT(1,1,"STATUS:");
LCD_OUT(2,11,"RPM:");
LCD_OUT(2,1,"SPEED:");

//If the switch B3 is pressed, Motor will rotate in Clockwise
if(!(PINB & 0x08))
{

volt = ADC_READ(3);
n=(255*(volt/100)*0.09);
s= (60*(volt/100)*0.09);
OCR1B = n;
OCR1A = 0;
LCD_PRINT(2,7,s,4);
if(volt>100)
{
LCD_OUT(1,8,"On_CW_");
}
else
{
LCD_OUT(1,8,"Off");
}
_delay_ms(1000);
}
else //If Switch B3 is OFF motor should rotate anti clock wise
{
volt = ADC_READ(3);
n=(255*(volt/100)*0.09);
s= (60*(volt/100)*0.09);
OCR1B = 0;
OCR1A = n;
LCD_PRINT(2,7,s,4);
if(volt>100)
{
LCD_OUT(1,8,"On_CCW");
}
else
{
LCD_OUT(1,8,"Off");
}
_delay_ms(1000);
}

}
return 0;
}