Challenge

Project 1_Comparative study of different storey buildings for Seismic forces

MMeganathan S18 Jun 2022

AIM & INTRODUCTION :

AIM :

To create various building models with varying column and Beam sizes and Analyse the Period of Frequency of the Created Models upto 25 Stories.

INTRODUCTION :

The E-TABS is used to create a structural building model using tools in it.

Here, in E-TABS the deflection of the building due to the many load such as Dead, Live, SuperDead etc.

All the properties of the Concretes and Rebars are created as per the appropriate IS CODES.

The required load can be applied on the created Structural Model as per Soil type and Zone.

We can Run the Analysis test over the Structural model created to analyse its performance according to the applied load.

The Properties of the Framed and Slab Sections can be edited as per requirement.

We can add as many number of stories required as per the requirement to analyse.

The results can be seen in the Model information Table.

PROCEDURE :

1. BUILDING - A : (2 STOREY BUILDING)

Open E-TABS software then click New Model to open a New workspace to create a Building - A.

After opening a New Model workspace, the Model information Tab will be displayed then click and select Use Built-in Settings with:

Then select Display Units = Metric SI, Region for Default Materials = India, Steel Section Database = Indian, Steel Design Code = IS 800 2007, Concrete Design Code = IS 456 2000.

After that the New Model Quick Templates Tab will open, from there click Custom Grid Spacing < Edit Grid Data.

Then the Grid System Data tab will be opened, click add in X Grid Data to add the Grid ID - E and edit the X ordinate (m) as A = 0m, B = 4m, C = 8m, D = 12m, E = 16m.

Followed by edit the Y ordinate (m) as 1 = 0m, 2 = 4m, 3 = 8m, 4 = 12m and click OK.

After setting Grid System Datas, click and select Custom Story Data at the same New model Quick Template tab to open Story data Tab.

Here in Story Data tab < select and set the appropriate stories as per requirement such as we need 2 story only for BUILDING - A.

Form the ground level Set height of Base = 0m, Plinth = 1.5m, Story1 = 3m, Story2 = 3m.

Followed by make the Story 1 = Master story and Make story2 = Similar to story1 then click OK.

Then Create Material Property for concrete as required by selecting Define < Material Properties < Add New material < Material Property Data.

From Material Property Data tab < Material Name = M30, Material Type = Concrete and click OK.

Likewise Create Material Property for Rebar as required by selecting Define < Material Properties < Add New material < Material Property Data.

From Material Property Data tab < Material Name = HYSD415, Material Type = Rebar and click OK.

After creating Material properties try creating Section properties of Frame section such as Beams, Columns and Slabs.

First to create Section property of Beam, cilck and select Define < Section Properties < Frame sections < Frame properties Tab.

From the Frame properties Tab < Add New Property = Concrete (Rectangular section) and click OK.

After selecting the Rectangular section (concrete), the new tab will be opened in the name of Frame Section Property Data .

From Frame Section Property Data Tab in General Data < Property Name = B300x400, Material = M30 and in Section Dimensions < Depth = 400mm, Width = 300mm and click OK.

Likewise to create Section property of Column, cilck and select Define < Section Properties < Frame sections < Frame properties Tab.

From the Frame properties Tab < Add New Property = Concrete (Rectangular section) and click OK.

After selecting the Rectangular section (concrete), the new tab will be opened in the name of Frame Section Property Data .

From Frame Section Property Data Tab in General Data < Property Name = C400x400, Material = M30 and in Section Dimensions < Depth = 400mm, Width = 400mm and click OK.

Followed by to create Section property of Slab, cilck and select Define < Section Properties < Slab sections < Slab properties Tab.

From Slab Properties Tab < Slab Property < Add New Property < Slab property Data Tab will be opened.

In Slab property Data Tab < General Data < Property Name = Slab150, Slab Material = M30, Modeling Type = Membrane, Thickness = 150mm and click OK.

Then set the Load Pattern by selecting Define < Load Patterns to open Define Load Patterns Tab.

From Define Load Patterns Tab < Load = Dead, Type = Dead, Self Weight Multiplier = 1, Auto Lateral Load = 0 and Click Add New Load to add a created load .

Followed by Edit Load = Live, Type = Live, Self Weight Multiplier = 0, Auto Lateral Load = 0 and Click Add New Load to add a created load .

Followed by Edit Load = BrickWall, Type = SuperDead, Self Weight Multiplier = 0, Auto Lateral Load = 0 and Click Add New Load to add a created load .

Followed by Edit Load = EQX, Type = Seismic, Self Weight Multiplier = 0, Auto Lateral Load = IS 1893 2016 and Click Add New Load to add a created load .

Followed by Edit Load = EQY, Type = Seismic, Self Weight Multiplier = 0, Auto Lateral Load = IS 1893 2016 and Click Add New Load to add a created load and click OK.

Then the Added seismic load EQX's Lateral Load should be Modified.

For that Click the EQX load < Modify Lateral Load < Indian IS 1893 2016 Seismic Loading Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab < Direction and Eccentricity = X Dir, Seismic Coefficient (Per code) = 0.16 and click OK.

Likewise the Added seismic load EQY's Lateral Load should also be Modified.

For that Click the EQY load < Modify Lateral Load < Indian IS 1893 2016 Seismic Loading Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab < Direction and Eccentricity = Y Dir, Seismic Coefficient (Per code) = 0.16 and click OK.

Then after the creating Load Patterns, the Created Columns should be allowed to be assigned at the intersection points of the created grid lines.

For that first click and change the Stories = All stories and select the tool Quick Draw Columns.

After selecting the Column assigning Tool, try to click the intersection points of the grids and the columns will be assigned as per the image below.

Likewise the columns , the Created Beam property should be allowed to be assigned in between the intersection points of the created grid lines.

For that as we said before click and change the Stories = All stories and select the tool Quick Draw Beams/Columns.

After selecting the Beams/Columns assigning Tool, try to click the lines inbetween the intersection points of the grids and the beams will be assigned as per the image below.

Followed by the Columns and Beams, the Created Slab property should also be allowed to be assigned at the center area inbetween all the four connected beams over grid lines.

To assign the slab at the floor level, we should select Plan < First story.

From the First story plan we should click and change the Stories = Similar stories and select the tool Quick Draw Floor/Wall.

After selecting the Floor/Wall assigning Tool, try to click the the space present inbetween the four beams of the grids and the slabs will be assigned as per the image below.

Then select all assigned beams by clicking Select < Properties < Frame sections < Select by frame property Tab < B300x400.

After selecting B300x400 Beam click Select to select all the beams assigned to the Building Model - A.

Then apply the created Brickwall load to the Beams by clicking Assign < Frame loads < Distributed < Frame Load Assignment - Distributed Tab.

From the Frame Load Assignment - Distributed Tab < Load Pattern Name = Brickwall, Uniform Load = 10 kN/m and click Apply.

Likewise the beam selection, now select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - A.

Then apply the created Live load to the Slabs by clicking Assign < Shell loads < uniform < Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab.

From the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab < Load Pattern Name = Live, Uniform Load = 3 kN/m^3 and click Apply.

Again select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - A.

Then try to assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

Before strat analysing it will ask us to save the file at appropriate location and save the File name as Model - A.

After the completion of the analysis, the deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - A from File < Save.

2. BUILDING - B : (BENCHMARK 5-STOREY BUILDING)

After saving the Model - A, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - B.

Then edit the Strories and grids as per the Building - B requirement.

For that Click and select Edit < Edit Stories and Grid Systems < Edit story and Grid System Data Tab will be opened.

From the Tab opened Click and select Modify/show story Data < Stroy Data .

In story data right click above the existing created last story and select Add story < Keep Existing Story Heights .

Then a new tab will be opened in the name of Add story - Keep existing story heights.

From Add stroy < New Story Data < Story Height = 3m, Number of Added Stories = 3 and click OK to get total of 5 Stories.

After adding the additional 3 stories we get total of 5 Stories and change the Similar To for those added stories as Story 1.

Then check whether the applied Superdead load for Beams upto the story 2 is applied to the additionally added 3 stories.

For that Click the Display Frame Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The show frame loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = BrickWall and click OK to see the applied Superdead load of 10kN over all Beams.

Likewise check whether the applied Live load for Slabs upto the story 2 is applied to the additionally added 3 stories.

For that Click the Display Shell Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The Show Shell loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = Live and click OK to see the applied Live load of 3kN over all Slabs.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - B.

Then assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - B from File < Save.

3. BUILDING - C : (BENCHMARK BUILDING WITH RECTANGULAR COLUMNS ORIENTED ALONG X-DIRECTION)

After saving the Model - B, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - C.

Here in this Model - C, the Column sizes should be change from C400x400 to C550x300 as per required.

For that select Define < Section properties < Frame sections.

After that the Frame properties Tab will be opened, in it select existing C400x400 and click Modify/Show Property.

Then the Frame Section property Data Tab will be opened, here change the Property Name = C550x300, Depth = 300, Width = 550.

After the creation of the Column C550x300, select all the columns to make it oriented along the X- Direction.

For that Click Select < Properties < Frame sections < C550x300 and click OK.

Here the created columns orientation should be along with the X-Direction.

So Select Assign < Frame < Local Axes < Frame Assignment - Local Axes Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab click General Orientation < Angle = 90 deg and click Apply.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - C.

Then try to assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - C from File < Save.

4. BUILDING - D : (BENCHMARK BUILDING WITH RECTANGULAR COLUMNS ORIENTED ALONG Y-DIRECTION)

After saving the Model - C, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - D.

After that select all the columns to make it oriented along the Y- Direction as per Building Model - D requirement.

For that Click Select < Properties < Frame sections < C550x300 and click OK.

Here the created columns orientation should be along with the Y-Direction.

So Select Assign < Frame < Local Axes < Frame Assignment - Local Axes Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab click General Orientation < Angle = 0 deg and click Apply.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - D.

Then try to assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - D from File < Save.

5. BUILDING E : (10 STOREY WITH VARYING COLUMN SIZE ALONG COLUMN HEIGHT)

After saving the Model - D, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - E.

Then edit the Strories and grids as per the Building - E requirements.

For that Click and select Edit < Edit Stories and Grid Systems < Edit story and Grid System Data Tab will be opened.

From the Tab opened Click and select Modify/show story Data < Stroy Data .

In story data right click above the existing created last story and select Add story < Keep Existing Story Heights .

Then a new tab will be opened in the name of Add story - Keep existing story heights.

From Add stroy < New Story Data < Story Height = 3m, Number of Added Stories = 5 and click OK to get total of 10 Stories.

After adding the additional 5 stories we get total of 10 Stories and change the 'Similar To' for those added stories as Story 1.

Here in this Model - E, the Column sizes should be change from C550x300 to C600X600 for storey 1 to storey 5 as per required.

For that select Define < Section properties < Frame sections.

After that the Frame properties Tab will be opened, in it select existing C550x300 and click Modify/Show Property.

Then the Frame Section property Data Tab will be opened, here change the Property Name = C600x600, Depth = 600, Width = 600 and click OK.

Then to create a New Column sizes for Storey 1 to storey 5, select the Frame properties Tab < Add New Property = Concrete (Rectangular section) and click OK.

After selecting the Rectangular section (concrete), a New tab will be opened in the name of Frame Section Property Data .

From Frame Section Property Data Tab in General Data < Property Name = C400x400, Material = M30 and in Section Dimensions < Depth = 400mm, Width = 400mm and click OK.

Followed by select Modify/show Rebar < Frame Section property Reinforcement Data Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab be sure that the following options are selected correctly.

The followings such as P=M2-M3 Design (column) and Longitudinal Bars = HYSD415, Confinements bars (Ties) = HYSD415 and click OK.

Atlast assign the Created various sizes of columns into the appropriate stories of the Building - E.

Before that the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made invisible from the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns into invisible from the Workspace select and click Set display Options and Un-tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see only the column structures in the workspace.

To apply the column sized 400x400 for the Storey 6 to Storey 10, those stories should be viewed separately in the window.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 10, Bottom Story = Story 6 and click OK.

After Separating the Columns for Storey 6 to Storey 10, click and select all the visible columns by window selection.

After selecting all the columns of the Storey 6 to Storey 10 , Assign the appropriate column size.

It has to be done by Select Assign < Frame < Section Property < Frame Assignment - Section Property Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab Select the column size C400x400 and click Apply to assign the column to the selected Storey 6 to 10.

Now we can change the whole stories of the Building from Base to Storey 10.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 10, Bottom Story = Base and click OK.

And now the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made visible to the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns visible to the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see all the structures of the Building - E in the workspace.

Then check whether the applied Superdead load for Beams upto the story 10.

For that Click the Display Frame Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The show frame loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = BrickWall and click OK to see the applied Superdead load of 10kN over all Beams.

Likewise check whether the applied Live load for Slabs upto the story 10.

For that Click the Display Shell Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The Show Shell loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = Live and click OK to see the applied Live load of 3kN over all Slabs.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - E.

Then assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - E from File < Save.

6. BUILDING - F (10 STOREY BUILDING)

After saving the Model - E, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - F.

Here in Building - F all the column sizes should be assigned as C600x600 from Base to Storey 10 as required.

So the remaining structures other than Columns should be made invisible from the Workspace windows to select all columns easily.

To make the structures other than Columns into invisible from the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and Un-tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see only the column structures in the workspace from Base to storey 10.

To apply the column sized 600x600 for the Storey 6 to Storey 10, those stories should be viewed separately in the window.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 10, Bottom Story = Story 6 and click OK.

After Separating the Columns for Storey 6 to Storey 10, click and select all the visible columns by window selection.

After selecting all the columns of the Storey 6 to Storey 10 , Assign the appropriate column size.

It has to be done by Select Assign < Frame < Section Property < Frame Assignment - Section Property Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab Select the column size C600x600 and click Apply to assign the column to the selected Storey 6 to 10.

Now we can change the whole stories of the Building from Base to Storey 10.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 10, Bottom Story = Base and click OK.

And now the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made visible to the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns visible to the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see all the structures of the Building - F in the workspace.

Then check whether the applied Superdead load for Beams upto the story 10.

For that Click the Display Frame Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The show frame loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = BrickWall and click OK to see the applied Superdead load of 10kN over all Beams.

Likewise check whether the applied Live load for Slabs upto the story 10.

For that Click the Display Shell Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The Show Shell loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = Live and click OK to see the applied Live load of 3kN over all Slabs.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - F.

Then assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - F from File < Save.

7. BUILDING - G (25 - STOREY BUILDING WITH VARYING COLUMN SIZES ALONG BUILDING HEIGHT)

After saving the Model - F, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - G.

Here in this Model - G, a Column sizes should be created as C800X800 for Bottom 10 storeys as per required.

For that select Define < Section properties < Frame sections < Frame Properties Tab will be opened.

After that the Frame properties Tab will be opened, in it select existing C600x600 and click Modify/Show Property.

Then the Frame Section property Data Tab will be opened, here change the Property Name = C800x800, Depth = 800, Width = 800 and click OK.

Then to create a New Column sizes for Middle 10 Storeys, select the Frame properties Tab < Add New Property = Concrete (Rectangular section) and click OK.

After selecting the Rectangular section (concrete), a New tab will be opened in the name of Frame Section Property Data .

From Frame Section Property Data Tab in General Data < Property Name = C600x600, Material = M30 and in Section Dimensions < Depth = 600mm, Width = 600mm and click OK.

Followed by select Modify/show Rebar < Frame Section property Reinforcement Data Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab be sure that the following options are selected correctly.

The followings such as P=M2-M3 Design (column) and Longitudinal Bars = HYSD415, Confinements bars (Ties) = HYSD415 and click OK.

Then edit the Strories and grids as per the Building - G requirement.

For that Click and select Edit < Edit Stories and Grid Systems < Edit story and Grid System Data Tab will be opened.

From the Tab opened Click and select Modify/show story Data < Stroy Data .

In story data right click above the existing created last story and select Add story < Keep Existing Story Heights .

Then a new tab will be opened in the name of Add story - Keep existing story heights.

From Add stroy < New Story Data < Story Height = 3m, Number of Added Stories = 15 and click OK .

After adding the additional 15 stories we get total of 25 Stories and change the Similar To for those added stories as Story 1.

Now to assign the Created various sizes of columns into the appropriate stories of the Building - G.

Before that the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made invisible from the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns into invisible from the Workspace select and click Set display Options and Un-tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can only see the column structures in the workspace.

To apply the column sized 400x400 for the Storey 21 to Storey 25, those stories should be viewed separately in the window.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 25, Bottom Story = Story 21 and click OK.

After Separating the Columns for Storey 21 to Storey 25, click and select all the visible columns by window selection.

After selecting all the columns of the Storey 21 to Storey 25 , Assign the appropriate column size.

It has to be done by Select Assign < Frame < Section Property < Frame Assignment - Section Property Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab Select the column size C400x400 and click Apply to assign the column to the selected Storey 21 to 25.

To apply another column sized 600x00 for the Storey 11 to Storey 20, those stories should be viewed separately in the window.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 20, Bottom Story = Story 11 and click OK.

After Separating the Columns for Storey 11 to Storey 20, click and select all the visible columns by window selection.

After selecting all the columns of the Storey 11 to Storey 20 , Assign the appropriate column size.

It has to be done by Select Assign < Frame < Section Property < Frame Assignment - Section Property Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab Select the column size C600x600 and click Apply to assign the column to the selected Storey 11 to 20.

Now we can change the whole stories of the Building from Base to Storey 25.

For that click and select View < Set building View Limits then the Set Building View Limits Tab will be opened.

Here in Set Story Range < Top Story = Story 25, Bottom Story = Base and click OK.

And now the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made visible to the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns visible to the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see all the structures of the Building - G in the workspace.

Then check whether the applied Superdead load for Beams upto the story 25.

For that Click the Display Frame Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The show frame loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = BrickWall and click OK to see the applied Superdead load of 10kN over all Beams.

Likewise check whether the applied Live load for Slabs upto the story 25.

For that Click the Display Shell Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The Show Shell loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = Live and click OK to see the applied Live load of 3kN over all Slabs.

Then select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - G.

Then assign Shell Diaphragms to the selected 150mm slab.

For that click Assign < Shell < Diaphragms < D1 and click Apply.

Too see the Extruded View of the Whole Structures of the 25 Storey Model, click the Option Extruded View Toggle option present at the Tool Bar.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - G from File < Save.

8. BUILDING - H (25 STOREY BUILDING)

After saving the Model - G, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - H.

Here in Building - H all the column sizes should be assigned as C800x800 from Base to Storey 25 as required.

So the remaining structures other than Columns should be made invisible from the Workspace windows to select all columns easily.

To make the structures other than Columns into invisible from the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and Un-tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see only the column structures in the workspace from Base to storey 25.

After making the structures invisible other than Columns, click and select all the visible columns by window selection.

After selecting all the columns of the BUILDING MODEL - H, Assign the appropriate column size.

It has to be done by Select Assign < Frame < Section Property < Frame Assignment - Section Property Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab Select the column size C800x800 and click Apply to assign the column size to all the selected Columns.

And now the remaining structures other than Columns has to be made visible to the Workspace windows.

To make the structures other than Columns visible to the Workspace, select and click Set display Options and tick the check Box of Beams and Floors options.

Now we can see all the structures of the Building - H in the workspace.

Then check whether the applied Superdead load for Beams upto the story 25.

For that Click the Display Frame Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The show frame loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = BrickWall and click OK to see the applied Superdead load of 10kN over all Beams.

Likewise check whether the applied Live load for Slabs upto the story 25.

For that Click the Display Shell Load Assigns option in the Tool bar above Workspace.

The Show Shell loads Tab will be opened.

In the opened tab select Load pattern = Live and click OK to see the applied Live load of 3kN over all Slabs.

We can Set the Diaphragm of the Slabs as Defaultly applied by Selecting Set Display Options on the Tool Bar.

After clicking the Set View Option Tab will be opened, from there Tick the check Box of the Diaphragm Extent below other special Items.

After the assigning of the Diaphragms, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - H from File < Save.

9. BUILDING - J : (25 - STOREY BUILDING WITH IMPOSED MASS 10% LARGER THAN BUILDING H )

After saving the Model - H, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - J.

Now select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - J.

Then apply Imposed load 10% larger than 'Building - H' Slabs by clicking Assign < Shell loads < uniform < Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab.

From the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab < Load Pattern Name = Live, Uniform Load = 3.3 kN/m^3 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Imposed load, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - J from File < Save.

10. BUILDING - K : (25 - STOREY BUILDING WITH IMPOSED MASS 10% LARGER THAN BUILDING H )

After saving the Model - J, from the same file click File < Save as and save the file as Model - K.

Now select all assigned Slabs by clicking Select < Properties < Slab sections < Select by Slab property Tab < Slab150.

After selecting Slab150 Slab, click Select to select all the Slabs assigned to the Building Model - K.

Then apply Imposed load 20% larger than 'Building - H' Slabs by clicking Assign < Shell loads < uniform < Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab.

From the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform Tab < Load Pattern Name = Live, Uniform Load = 3.6 kN/m^3 and click Apply.

After the assigning of the Imposed load, we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

Atlast save the created Model - K from File < Save.

RESULT :

SI. NO	CRITERIA	MODEL	ANALYSIS RESULT	CONCLUSION

1.	Effect of stiffness on time period.	Building – E (10 storey with varying column size).	1.73 sec	Safe
	Effect of stiffness on time period.	Building – F (10 storey with uniform column size).	1.73 sec	Safe
	Effect of stiffness on time period.	Building – G (25 storey with varying column size).	4.17 sec	Safe
	Effect of stiffness on time period.	Building – H (25 storey with uniform column size).	4.41 sec	Safe
2.	Effect of mass on time period.	Building – H (25 storey with 3 kN/sq.m imposed load).	4.41 sec	Safe
		Building – J (25 storey with 3.3 kN/sq.m imposed load).	4.42 sec	Safe
		Building – K (25 storey with 3.6 kN/sq.m imposed load).	4.43 sec	Safe
3.	Effect of building height on time period.	Building – A (2 storey)	0.5 sec	Safe
		Building – B (2 storey)	1.03 sec	Safe
		Building – F (2 storey)	1.73 sec	Safe
		Building – H (2 storey)	4.41 sec	Dangerous
4.	Effect of column orientation on time period.	Building – B (All floors column size 400x400 )	1.03 sec	Safe
		Building – C (All floors column size 550x300 ) oriented in X-direction.	1.14 sec	Safe
		Building – D (All floors column size 300x550 ) oriented in Y-direction.	1.12 sec	Safe

5.	Effect of axial stiffness of vertical members on mode shapes.	Building - H	Axial cross section for columns is close to nil (Zero axial area)	5.99 sec	Very Dangerous
			Full Axial cross section for columns (Regular)	4.41 sec	Dangerous

6.	Effect of flexural stiffness of structural element on mode shapes.	Building - B	Flexural stiffness of beams close to nil (Zero inertia)	2.62 sec	Dangerous
			Full flexural stiffness of beams (Regular)	1.03 sec	Safe

7.	Effect of degree of fixity at column base on mode shapes.	Building - B	Column support pinned (Regular)	1.03 sec	Safe
			Column support fixed	0.941 sec	Safe

1. ) EFFECT OF STIFFNESS ON TIME PERIOD :

1 a) BUILDING E : (10 STOREY WITH VARYING COLUMN SIZES)

Open a Etabs software then click and select already created Model E file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model E, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.731 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Atlast we can close the opened Model - E file by selecting File < Close.

1 b) BUILDING F : (10 STOREY WITH UNIFORM COLUMN SIZES)

After closing the Model - E by File < Close, Now click and select the created Model F file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model F, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.735 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - E file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

1 c) BUILDING G : (25 STOREY WITH VARYING COLUMN SIZES)

After closing the Model - F by File < Close, Now click and select the created Model G file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model G, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.17 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - G file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

1 d) BUILDING H : (10 STOREY WITH VARYING COLUMN SIZES)

After closing the Model - G by File < Close, Now click and select the created Model H file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model H, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.416 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - H file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

2. ) EFFECT OF MASS ON TIME PERIOD :

2 a) BUILDING H : (25 STOREY WITH 3 KN/SQ.M IMPOSED LOAD)

Open a Etabs software then click and select already created Model H file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model H, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.416 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - H file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

2 b) BUILDING J : (25 STOREY WITH 3.3 KN/SQ.M IMPOSED LOAD)

After closing the Model - H by File < Close, Now click and select the created Model J file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model J, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.425 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - J file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

2 c) BUILDING K : (25 STOREY WITH 3.6 KN/SQ.M IMPOSED LOAD)

After closing the Model - J by File < Close, Now click and select the created Model K file displaying in the Recent Models.

After selecting and opening of the Model K, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.435 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - K file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

3. ) EFFECT OF BUILDING HEIGHT ON TIME PERIOD :

3 a) BUILDING A : (2 STOREY)

Open a Etabs software then click and open the Model - A, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - A.

After selecting and opening of the Model A, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 0.5 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - A file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

3 b) BUILDING B : (2 STOREY)

After closing the Model - A by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - B, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After selecting and opening of the Model B, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.036 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - B file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

3 c) BUILDING F : (2 STOREY)

After closing the Model - B by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - F, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - F.

After selecting and opening of the Model F, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.735 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - F file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

3 d) BUILDING H : (2 STOREY)

After closing the Model - F by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - H, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - H.

After selecting and opening of the Model H, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.416 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - H file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

4. ) EFFECT OF COLUMN ORIENTATION ON TIME PERIOD :

4 a) BUILDING B : (ALL FLOORS COLUMN SIZE 400X400)

After closing the Model - H by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - B, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After selecting and opening of the Model B, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.036 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - B file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

4 b) BUILDING C : (ALL FLOORS COLUMN SIZE 550X300 ORIENTED IN X - DIRECTION)

After closing the Model - B by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - C, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - C.

After selecting and opening of the Model C, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.145 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - C file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

4 c) BUILDING D : (ALL FLOORS COLUMN SIZE 300X550 ORIENTED IN Y - DIRECTION)

After closing the Model - C by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - D, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - D.

After selecting and opening of the Model D, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.12 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - D file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

5. ) EFFECT OF FLEXURAL STIFFNESS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENT ON MODE SHAPES

5 a ) BUILDING B : (FLEXURAL STIFFNESS OF BEAMS CLOSE TO NIL "ZERO INERTIA")

After closing the Model - D by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - B, which was already saved.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After opening of the existing Model - B, Now the same file should be Save as in the name of Model - B Zero.

The above was done by selecting File < Save As < Save Model File As and in File Name = Model - B Zero and click Save.

Now to change the Flexural stiffness of beams close to nil, the Beam properties should be edited.

For that select Define < Section Properties < Frame Section then the Frame Properties Tab will be opened.

From Frame Properties Tab select the Beam B300x400 and click Modify/show Property.

Then the Frame Section Property Data Tab will be opened.

In the opened Tab click Modify/show Modifiers to open Property/Stiffness Modification Factors Tab.

Here, make the Moment of inertia about 2 axis = 0.1 and Moment of inertia about 3 axis = 0.1 and click OK.

After making the Moment of inertia about 2 and 3 axis = 0.1 , we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

After the Analysing the 'Model B Zero', try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 2.627 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now save the Analysed Model - B Zero by selecting File < Save.

Finally close the Saved file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

5 b ) BUILDING B : (FULL FLEXURAL STIFFNESS OF BEAMS "REGULAR")

After closing the Model - B Zero by File < Close, Now again try to open the Model - B to see the Full flexural stiffness of beams.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After selecting and opening of the Model B, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.036 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - B file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

6. ) EFFECT OF AXIAL STIFFNESS OF VERTICAL MEMBERS ON MODE SHAPES :

6 a ) BUILDING H (AXIAL CROSS SECTION FOR COLUMNS IS CLOSE TO NIL "ZERO AXIAL AREA")

After closing the Model - B by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - H to apply Zero axial area to all columns.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - H.

After opening of the existing Model - H, Now the same file should be Save as in the name of Model - H (Zero).

The above was done by selecting File < Save As < Save Model File As and in File Name = Model - H (Zero) and click Save.

Now to change the Axial cross section for columns close to nil, the Columns properties should be edited.

For that select Define < Section Properties < Frame Section then the Frame Properties Tab will be opened.

From Frame Properties Tab select the Column C800x800 and click Modify/show Property.

Then the Frame Section Property Data Tab will be opened.

In the opened Tab click Modify/show Modifiers to open Property/Stiffness Modification Factors Tab.

Here, make the Cross section (axial) area = 0.1 and click OK.

After making the Cross section (axial) area = 0.1 , we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

After the Analysing the 'Model H (Zero)', try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 5.991 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required

Now save the Analysed Model - H (Zero) by selecting File < Save.

Finally close the Saved file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

6 b ) BUILDING H (FULL AXIAL CROSS SECTION FOR COLUMNS "REGULAR")

After closing the Model - H (Zero) by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - H to see its Full axial cross section for columns.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - H.

After selecting and opening of the Model H, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 4.416 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - H file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

7. ) EFFECT OF DEGREE OF FIXITY AT COLUMN BASED ON MODE SHAPES :

7 a ) BUILDING B (COLUMN SUPPORT PINNED "REGULAR")

After closing the Model - H by File < Close, Now try to open the Model - B with the column support as Pinned.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After selecting and opening of the Model B, try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 1.036 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now close the opened Model - B file by selecting File < Close to open next file from the Home.

7 b ) BUILDING B (COLUMN SUPPORT "FIXED")

After closing the Model - B by File < Close, Now try to open the same Model - B with the column support as Pinned.

To open it select File < Open < Open Model File Tab < Model - B.

After opening of the existing Model - B, Now the same file should be Save as in the name of Model - B (Fixed).

The above was done by selecting File < Save As < Save Model File As and in File Name = Model - B (Fixed) and click Save.

Now, click the Plan icon present at the Tool Bar above the workspace.

Then the Select plan View Tab will be opened, there select 'Base' and click Apply.

Here in Base Plan View select all the column supports by windows selection.

After the selection of all the supports of the Columns, change the Pinned Supports as Fixed Supports.

It will be done by selecting Assign < Joint < Restraints .

Then click Restraints and the Joint Assignment - Restraints Tab will be opened.

From the opened Tab click and select the Fixed support as First icon below Last Restraints and click OK to assign.

After changing the Pinned Support as Fixed Support , we can Run Analysis from the option given in the tool bar.

After the completion of the analysis, the Deformed shape of the Building will be visible in 3D view Window.

We can see the Analysis Result from the Table option below the Model Explorer Window at the left side of the workspace.

After the Analysing the 'Model B (Fixed)', try to open the Analysed Result Table.

For that from the Model Explorer Window select Table < Analysis Results < Model Information < Table - Model Periods and Frequencies.

Then Right click over the Table - Model Periods and Frequencies and select Show Table.

A New Tab will be opened after selecting Show table named Model Periods and Frequencies.

Here we can see the Modal 1's Periodic second = 0.941 and we can note it down in the Result Table as required.

Now save the Analysed Model - B (Fixed) by selecting File < Save.

Finally close the Saved file by selecting File < Close.

Project 1_Comparative study of different storey buildings for Seismic forces

Ship work like this
in your own course.

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Ship work like thisin your own course.

Talk to a career counsellor

Ship work like this
in your own course.