Challenge

Project 1

1.

Multi-Storey Residential Building – Bangalore

Software Used: STAAD Pro Connect Edition, STAAD RCDC, STAAD Foundation Advanced

1. Project Description

ParameterDetails
Project TypeMulti-storey Residential Building
LocationBangalore, Karnataka, India
PurposeResidential
Building ConfigurationG + 6 + Roof
Soil TypeHard Soil
Plan Dimensions25 m × 16 m
Storey Height3.5 m
Total Building Height8 floors × 3.5 m = 28.0 m
Seismic ZoneZone II (IS 1893)
Safe Bearing Capacity180 kN/m²

2. Applicable Standards

CodeDescription
IS 456:2000Plain and Reinforced Concrete Design
IS 875 (Part 1 to 3)Dead, Live, Wind Load Calculations
IS 1893 (Part 1):2016Earthquake Resistant Design
IS 13920:2016Ductile Detailing of RC Structures
SP 16Design Aids for RCC
IS 3370For water retaining if applicable

3. Design Philosophy

  • RCC Framed Structure designed as a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF).

  • Ductile detailing applied to ensure seismic performance as per IS 13920.

  • Load combinations as per IS 456 and IS 875.

  • Slabs, beams, columns, and footings are designed using STAAD, RCDC, and Excel.

4. Structural System & Member Sizes

Structural ElementSize (mm)Remarks
Slab150Max thickness specified
Beams230 × 450Primary Beams
Secondary Beams230 × 350To reduce slab spans
Columns300 × 600As per axial load demand and height
FootingsIsolated FootingsSBC = 180 kN/m², min size = 1.8 m × 1.8 m
Staircase Slab150One-way slab or waist slab system

5. Material Specifications

MaterialGrade
ConcreteM25
Steel (Rebars)Fe500

6. Loads Considered

Dead Load (DL)

  • Self-weight (Auto-calculated)

  • Floor Finish: 1.0 kN/m²

  • Wall Load:

    • 230 mm thick × 3.5 m height × 20 kN/m³ = 16.1 kN/m

Live Load (LL) (IS 875 Part 2)

  • Residential floors: 2.0 kN/m²

  • Roof: 1.5 kN/m²

Wind Load (WL) (IS 875 Part 3)

  • Basic Wind Speed (Bangalore): 33 m/s

  • Terrain Category: 2

  • Structure Class: B

  • Wind Pressure: ≈ 0.692 kN/m²

  • Wind Load applied on frame using member and joint loads

Earthquake Load (EQL) (IS 1893 Part 1)

  • Seismic Zone: II

  • Zone Factor (Z): 0.10

  • Importance Factor (I): 1

  • Response Reduction Factor (R): 5

  • Soil Type: Hard Soil (Type II)

  • Design Horizontal Acceleration: Ah=0.025Ah = 0.025Ah=0.025

  • Base Shear calculated = Ah × Seismic Weight

7. Software Workflow

StageTool Used
3D Model and Load ApplicationSTAAD Pro Connect Edition
Beam & Column DesignSTAAD RCDC
Slab DesignMS Excel
Foundation DesignSTAAD Foundation Advanced
Bar Bending ScheduleSTAAD RCDC
DraftingAutoCAD/Revit

8. Load Combinations (as per IS 456)

  • DL + LL

  • DL + WL

  • DL + EQL

  • DL + LL + WL

  • DL + LL + EQL

  • 0.9 DL + WL

  • 0.9 DL + EQL

9. Structural Analysis Assumptions

  • Building is regular in both plan and elevation.

  • P-Delta effects are considered due to building height.

  • Rigid diaphragm assumed for slab–beam interaction.

  • Foundation modeled with fixed base or support stiffness based on soil parameters.

2.

1. Structural Grid Layout

DirectionBaysSpacing
X55 m
Z44 m

2. STAAD Pro .std Input File (Basic Structure)

STAAD SPACE

START JOB INFORMATION ENGINEER DATE 09-Apr-2025 END JOB INFORMATION INPUT UNIT METER KN UNIT METER KN JOINT COORDINATES * Generate joints for 5×4 grid across 8 floors (total 160 nodes) * Sample nodes for base level 1 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 10 0 0 4 15 0 0 5 20 0 0 6 25 0 0 ... (Continue for all floor levels by adding 3.5 m in Y for each floor) MEMBER INCIDENCES * Connect beams and columns 1 1 2 2 2 3 ... 1001 1 101 (Column from node 1 to node 101 on 1st floor) ... (Beams horizontally, columns vertically) DEFINE MATERIAL START ISCONCRETE END DEFINE MATERIAL MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN * Assigning properties to beams and columns 1 TO 1000 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.23 * Beams 230x450 mm 1001 TO 2000 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.3 * Columns 300x600 mm CONSTANTS MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL DENSITY CONCRETE 25 SUPPORTS 1 TO 30 FIXED * Base columns' nodes LOAD DEFINITIONS LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD SELFWEIGHT Y -1 LOAD 2 LIVE LOAD FLOOR LOAD * On slab areas FL 2 GY -2.0 LOAD 3 FLOOR FINISH FLOOR LOAD FL 3 GY -1.0 LOAD 4 WALL LOAD * Wall load on beams: 230mm thick wall × 3.5m × 20 kN/m³ = 16.1 kN/m MEMBER LOAD 1 TO 100 UNI GY -16.1 LOAD 5 WIND LOAD X JOINT LOAD * 10 kN per joint on floor level in X-direction 101 FX 10 ... LOAD 6 EARTHQUAKE X JOINT LOAD * Base shear distributed in X-direction 101 FX 15 ... LOAD COMB 1 DL = 1.0 LOAD 1 LOAD COMB 2 DL+LL = 1.0 LOAD 1 + 1.0 LOAD 2 LOAD COMB 3 DL+LL+WL = 1.0 LOAD 1 + 1.0 LOAD 2 + 1.0 LOAD 5 LOAD COMB 4 DL+LL+EQX = 1.0 LOAD 1 + 1.0 LOAD 2 + 1.0 LOAD 6 PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS FINISH

You can automate node creation using GUI > Geometry > Generate Grid or through the Structure Wizard.

3. Assigning Loads Using GUI (Alternative)

If using GUI:

  • Go to General > Load & Definition

  • Add Load Cases: DL, LL, WL, EQ

  • Add Member Loads, Floor Loads, or Joint Loads

  • Assign them to relevant members using select by property/group

4. Assigning Properties

  • Go to General > Properties

  • Define beam (230×450 mm) and column (300×600 mm) sections

  • Assign to respective members using Select > Assign to Selected Beams

5. Analysis Settings

  • Perform Static Analysis

  • For Seismic analysis, define seismic parameters via:

    • Loading > Definition > Seismic Definition (IS 1893)

    • Set Zone II, Soil Type II, R=5, I=1

Deliverables

Once the model is complete:

  • Save file as .std

  • Export to STAAD RCDC for Beam, Column & BBS

  • Export to STAAD Foundation for footing design

  • Perform slab design in Excel (we can generate template next)

LOAD CALCULATION

Effective Depth (d) = D - Cover = 150 - 20 = 130 mm Self-weight = 0.15 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m² Total Load (w) = 3.75 + 1.0 + 2.0 = 6.75 kN/m² For design, use ultimate load: Factored Load (wu) = 1.5 × w = 1.5 × 6.75 = 10.13 kN/m²

Mu = (wu × Ly²) / 8 = (10.13 × 4²) / 8 = 20.26 kNm/m

Ast = (Mu × 10⁶) / (0.87 × fy × jd) Assume jd = 0.9 × d = 0.9 × 130 = 117 mm Ast = (20.26 × 10⁶) / (0.87 × 500 × 117) ≈ 398.6 mm²/m

Area of 10 mm dia bar = π/4 × 10² = 78.54 mm² Spacing = (1000 × Area of 1 bar) / Ast = (1000 × 78.54) / 398.6 ≈ 197 mm → Provide @ 180 mm c/c

Ast(min) = 0.0012 × b × D = 0.0012 × 1000 × 150 = 180 mm²/m < Provided ✔

Required d = √(Mu × 10⁶ / (0.138 × fck × b)) = √(20.26 × 10⁶ / (0.138 × 25 × 1000)) ≈ 76.6 mm < 130 mm ✔


Parameter Value
Factored Load (wu)10.13 kN/m²
Design Moment (Mu)20.26 kNm/m
Required Ast398.6 mm²/m
Provided Reinforcement10 mm @ 180 mm c/c
Effective Depth130 mm

Slab Thickness150 mm


DL, LL, WL, EQL Load Calculations

This follows the IS 875 parts:

Load TypeCode Reference
DL (Dead Load)IS 875 Part 1
LL (Live Load)IS 875 Part 2
WL (Wind Load)IS 875 Part 3
EQL (Seismic)IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016


1. DEAD LOAD (DL)

a) Self-weight of slab:

  • Slab thickness = 150 mm = 0.15 m

  • Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m³

  • Slab weight = 0.15 × 25 = 3.75 kN/m²

b) Floor finish:

  • Finishes (tiles/mortar) = 1.0 kN/m² (IS 875 Part 1 typical)

c) Wall Load on Beam (external wall):

ItemValue
Wall Thickness230 mm
Wall Height3.5 m (storey height)
Density of brick20 kN/m³
Load0.23 × 3.5 × 20 = 16.1 kN/m (UDL on beam)
2. LIVE LOAD (LL)

From IS 875 Part 2 (Residential Building):

Room TypeLive Load (LL)
Rooms, Living2.0 kN/m²
Bathrooms, etc.2.0 kN/m²
Balconies3.0 kN/m²

➡️ Take LL = 2.0 kN/m² for general slab design

3. WIND LOAD (WL) — as per IS 875 Part 3

Assumptions:

  • Location: Bangalore

  • Wind Zone = Zone II

  • Basic Wind Speed (Vb) = 33 m/s

  • Building height = 28 m

  • Terrain Category: 2

  • Class: B

a) Design Wind Pressure (Pz):

Pz=0.6×Vz2Vz=Vb×K1×K2×K3Assume:K1=1.0K2(for28m)≈1.05K3(Topography)=1.0→Vz=33×1×1.05×1=34.65m/sPz=0.6×(34.65)2≈720.3N/m2=0.720kN/m2Pz = 0.6 × Vz² Vz = Vb × K1 × K2 × K3 Assume: K1 = 1.0 K2 (for 28 m) ≈ 1.05 K3 (Topography) = 1.0 → Vz = 33 × 1 × 1.05 × 1 = 34.65 m/s Pz = 0.6 × (34.65)² ≈ 720.3 N/m² = 0.720 kN/m² Pz=0.6×Vz2Vz=Vb×K1×K2×K3

Assume:K1=1.0K2(for28m)≈1.05K3(Topography)=1.0→Vz=33×1×1.05×1=34.65m/sPz=0.6×(34.65)2≈720.3N/m2=0.720kN/m2

b) Wind Load on vertical surface:

For a wall area 3.5 m × 4 m = 14 m²:

  • Total force = 0.72 × 14 = 10.08 kN

Distribute this as nodal or member loads in STAAD.

4. EARTHQUAKE LOAD (EQL) — IS 1893:2016

Assumptions:

ParameterValue
Zone (Bangalore)Zone II → Z = 0.10
Importance Factor (I)1.0
Response Reduction (R)5 (SMRF)
Soil TypeII (Medium)

Base Shear (VB):

VB = Ah × W Ah = (Z × I × Sa/g) / (2 × R) Assume Sa/g = 2.5 (for medium soil, T < 0.4s) Ah = (0.10 × 1 × 2.5) / (2 × 5) = 0.025 Total seismic weight (W) = DL + LL for all floors Let’s assume: W = 6.75 kN/m² × 25 m × 16 m × 8 floors = 6.75 × 400 × 8 = 21,600 kN → VB = 0.025 × 21,600 = **540 kN** This will be distributed along the height of the building based on floor masses. RCC SLAB DESIGN USING MS EXCEL Here’s the format for **Excel-based slab design** (same from before but structured for load cases). --- INPUT SECTION | Parameter | Value | |-------------------------|--------------| | Span (short) Ly | 4.0 m | | Span (long) Lx | 5.0 m | | Slab Type | Simply Supported 1-way | | Thickness | 150 mm | | Effective Cover | 20 mm | | DL | 3.75 kN/m² | | LL | 2.0 kN/m² | | Floor Finish | 1.0 kN/m² | | Concrete Grade | M25 | | Steel Grade | Fe500 | LOADS ON SLAB Total DL = 3.75 + 1.0 = 4.75 kN/m² Total Load = DL + LL = 4.75 + 2.0 = 6.75 kN/m² Factored Load = 1.5 × 6.75 = 10.13 kN/m²

MOMENT (1-Way Slab)

Mu = (wu × Ly²) / 8 = (10.13 × 4²) / 8 = 20.26 kNm/m

REQUIRED STEEL

Effective depth d = 130 mm

Mu = 20.26 × 10⁶ Nmm

Ast = (Mu) / (0.87 × fy × 0.9d) Ast = 398.6 mm²/m PROVIDE:

Providing 10 mm dia @ 180 mm c/c (78.5 mm²/bar)

→ Provided Ast ≈ 436 mm²/m > Required ✔

CHECKS:

  • Minimum Ast = 180 mm²/m ✔

  • Effective depth > required depth ✔

  • Slab thickness = 150 mm < 200 mm (no shear reinforcement needed) ✔

Design Beam and Column Using STAAD RCDC

1. Prepare Analysis Model in STAAD.Pro

  • Define geometry (25 m × 16 m, G+6+R floors, 3.5 m height/floor)
  • Assign supports (fixed or isolated footing base)
  • Define materials: M25 concrete, Fe500 steel
  • Apply load combinations as per IS 875:

1. DL only

2. DL + LL

3. DL + WL (X/Y)

4. DL + EQL (X/Y)

5. DL + LL + WL

6. DL + LL + EQL

2. Run Analysis in STAAD.Pro

3. Export to RCDC

  • File → Create RCDC File (.std file)
  • Open RCDC → "Create New Project" → Import STAAD file
  • Select “Column” and “Beam” design

Beam Design (Sample Summary – RCDC Output)

Parameter

Value

Concrete Grade

M25

Steel Grade

Fe500

Beam Size

230 mm × 450 mm

Span

4 m – 6 m (internal & edge)

Max Bending Moment

120 kNm

Max Shear Force

65 kN

Top Reinforcement

2 – 16 mm (center), 2 – 12 mm (end)

Bottom Reinforcement

2 – 20 mm (center), 2 – 12 mm (end)

Stirrups

8 mm @ 150 mm c/c near support

Development Length

> Required → Safe

Column Design (Sample Summary – RCDC Output)

Parameter

Value

Concrete Grade

M25

Steel Grade

Fe500

Column Size

300 mm × 600 mm (ground to 3rd floor)

Load Combination

DL + LL + EQ

Max Axial Load

950 kN

Bending Moment

60 kNm (major axis), 25 kNm (minor)

Longitudinal Bars

6 – 20 mm (As provided = 1884 mm²)

Min. Required Ast

1500 mm²

Ties

8 mm @ 200 mm c/c (confinement)

Slenderness Check

Passed

Interaction Ratio

0.76 < 1.0 → OK

RCDC Design Reports

How to Generate Reports:

  1. In RCDC, after design → Go to Reports tab
  2. Choose “Beam Design Report” / “Column Design Report”
  3. Export as:
    • PDF
    • Excel
    • AutoCAD drawings (DXF)

FOUNDATION DESIGN USING STAAD FOUNDATION ADVANCED (SFA)

1. Create New Job

  • Select Isolated Footing → Assign units: kN, mm
  • Choose Code: IS 456:2000

2. Import Load Cases from STAAD

  • Use .std file from your STAAD model
  • Select support nodes where columns exist
  • Extract load combinations (DL, DL+LL, DL+EQ, etc.)

3. Define Soil & Material Parameters

Property

Value

Safe Bearing Capacity

180 kN/m²

Concrete Grade

M25

Steel Grade

Fe500

Unit weight of soil

18 kN/m³

Depth of Foundation

1.5 m

4. Design Parameters

Design Parameter

Typical Value

Minimum footing size

1.5 m × 1.5 m

Max base pressure

≤ 180 kN/m²

Clear cover

50 mm

SAMPLE FOUNDATION DESIGN SUMMARY (Output)

For a column carrying 950 kN axial and 60 kNm moment:

Parameter

Value

Required footing area

950 / 180 ≈ 5.3 m²

Adopted footing size

2.4 m × 2.4 m = 5.76 m²

Net bearing pressure

165 kN/m² (OK)

Actual Pressure distribution

OK for moment load

Footing depth (provided)

500 mm + 150 mm footing pedestal

Reinforcement (bottom)

12 mm @ 150 mm c/c in both directions

Punching shear check

Safe ✔

Sliding / Overturning

Safe ✔

OUTPUT FROM STAAD FOUNDATION ADVANCED

You can generate the following from SFA:

  1. Footing Layout Drawings – Plan and section with bars, dimensions
  2. Calculation Report – PDF of all checks (bearing, shear, moment, etc.)
  3. Rebar Schedule – Bar bending schedule
  4. DXF Drawings – For AutoCAD or manual detailing
  5. Excel Reports – Material summary and quantities

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE IN STAAD RCDC

1. Load the Project

  • Open STAAD RCDC.
  • Select “Column” or “Beam” module.
  • Import the .std file from STAAD.Pro analysis.
  • Ensure all parameters are correctly assigned (grades, dimensions, cover, etc.)

2. Design the Structural Elements

  • Use Design Settings to apply IS 456:2000
  • Define rebar settings (cover, bar dia, max/min spacing, etc.)
  • Complete the design for beams and columns.

3. Generate the Bar Bending Schedule

Once design is complete:

  1. Go to the “Reports” tab
  2. Click Bar Bending Schedule
  3. Select the required element: Beam / Column
  4. Choose:
    • PDF / Excel / CSV for report
    • Bar shape codes (standard IS shapes)
    • Drawing format (optional DXF export)

SAMPLE FORMAT: BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR COLUMN (Excel Output)

Member

Bar Mark

Dia (mm)

Shape

Length (mm)

No. of Bars

Total Length (mm)

Weight (kg)

C1

L1

20

Straight

4500

8

36000

44.5

C1

S1

8

Stirrups

1100

15

16500

7.9

SAMPLE FORMAT: BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR BEAM

Member

Bar Mark

Dia (mm)

Shape

Length (mm)

No. of Bars

Total Length (mm)

Weight (kg)

B1

T1

16

Crank

5200

2

10400

15.8

B1

B1

20

Straight

4800

2

9600

23.5

B1

S1

8

Stirrup

950

12

11400

5.5

OUTPUT OPTIONS

From STAAD RCDC, you can:

  • Export Bar Bending Schedule as Excel, PDF, or CSV
  • Export Reinforcement Drawings as DXF for CAD detailing
  • Generate Material Summary for rebar totals per floor/building

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